NRS: CHAPTER 277 - COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS: STATE, COUNTIES, CITIES, DISTRICTS AND OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES

[Rev. 6/29/2024 3:28:44 PM--2023]

CHAPTER 277 - COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS: STATE, COUNTIES, CITIES, DISTRICTS AND OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES

IMPLIED AGREEMENTS

NRS 277.035 Implied agreement between law enforcement agencies in absence of interlocal or cooperative agreement.

MISCELLANEOUS COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS

NRS 277.045 Cooperative agreements between political subdivisions for performance of governmental functions; budget for expenses.

NRS 277.050 Sale, exchange or lease of real property by public agency: Conditions; procedure.

NRS 277.053 Real property to be used for public purpose: Conveyance of such property by one political subdivision to State, state agency, another political subdivision or Indian tribe without charge.

NRS 277.055 Cooperative agreements concerning insurance between public agencies or nonprofit medical facilities: Authorization; requirements; expenses.

NRS 277.056 Cooperative agreements concerning insurance between public agencies or nonprofit medical facilities: Additional powers and obligations under such agreements between housing authorities.

NRS 277.057 Cooperative agreements concerning sites of archeological, paleontological or historical significance: Legislative findings and declaration.

NRS 277.058 Cooperative agreements concerning sites of archeological, paleontological or historical significance: Authorization and purposes; consultation and cooperation with certain entities required.

NRS 277.060 Cooperative agreements concerning water and sewerage between political subdivisions in certain counties.

NRS 277.065 Cooperative agreements for improvement of quality of academic and career and technical education at correctional institutions for juveniles and state facilities for detention of children.

NRS 277.0655 Cooperative agreements for educational services at hospital or other facility that provides residential treatment to children.

NRS 277.067 Cooperative agreements concerning insurance: Political subdivisions, state agencies or Nevada System of Higher Education may enter into agreement; approval of Board of Public Employees’ Benefits Program required under certain circumstances; establishment of separate entity.

NRS 277.069 Cooperative agreements concerning insurance: Powers and obligations of parties.

NRS 277.0695 Cooperative agreements concerning insurance: Issuance of securities; applicability of other laws concerning securities.

COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS FOR FINANCING GOVERNMENTAL FACILITIES

NRS 277.0705 Definitions.

NRS 277.071 “Borrowing local government” defined.

NRS 277.0715 “Facility” defined.

NRS 277.072 “Finance” defined.

NRS 277.0725 “Issuer” defined.

NRS 277.073 “Local government” defined.

NRS 277.0735 “Revenue securities” defined.

NRS 277.074 Local governments may enter into cooperative agreements for borrowing money to finance facility; contents of agreement.

NRS 277.0745 Issuance and repayment of revenue securities.

NRS 277.075 Prerequisites to borrowing from issuer or becoming obligated for facility.

NRS 277.0755 Application of Local Government Securities Law.

INTERLOCAL COOPERATION ACT

NRS 277.080 Short title.

NRS 277.090 Purpose.

NRS 277.100 Definitions.

NRS 277.103 Consolidation of governmental services; supplementary and prevailing provisions.

NRS 277.105 Establishment of permanent administrative entity to perform specific functions relating to consolidation of governmental services; negotiation concerning contributions to budget of entity.

NRS 277.110 Joint exercise of powers, privileges and authority by public agencies; purchase of prescription drugs, pharmaceutical services, medical supplies or related services; agreements.

NRS 277.120 Contents of agreement establishing separate legal or administrative entity; contents of other agreements.

NRS 277.130 Effect of agreement on legal obligations and responsibilities of public agency; certain legal entities created by agreement prohibited from operating in certain manner.

NRS 277.140 Authority of public agency to submit certain agreements to Attorney General for approval; failure to disapprove such agreements within certain period to be deemed approval; recording and filing of such agreements; authority of Attorney General to charge cost of timely performing determinations related to such agreements.

NRS 277.150 Approval of certain agreements by state officer or agency.

NRS 277.160 Agreement as interstate compact; liability of state; actions.

NRS 277.170 Appropriations; furnishing of property, personnel and services; issuance of securities.

NRS 277.180 Interlocal contracts.

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT COOPERATION ACT

NRS 277.182 Short title.

NRS 277.183 Definitions.

NRS 277.184 “Local government” defined.

NRS 277.1855 “Plan” defined.

NRS 277.186 “State agency” defined.

NRS 277.187 Purpose of Act; provision of information and solicitation and consideration of comments when proposed plan or amendment may affect local governments or state agencies; consideration of alternatives if proposed plan or amendment is inconsistent or incompatible with existing plan of affected local government or state agency.

NRS 277.188 Interpretation of Act must not limit power of state agency or local government to carry out statutory duties and responsibilities.

TAHOE REGIONAL PLANNING COMPACT

NRS 277.190 Enactment of Tahoe Regional Planning Compact.

NRS 277.200 Text of Compact. [Effective until: (1) the approval pursuant to Public Law 96-551 of the amendments to the Compact contained in section 1.5 of chapter 530, Statutes of Nevada 2011, at page 3711, as amended by section 2 of chapter 424, Statutes of Nevada 2013, at page 2345; (2) the proclamation by the Governor of this State of the enactment by the State of California of amendments that are substantially identical to the amendments to the Compact contained in section 1 of chapter 207, Statutes of Nevada 2019, at page 1137; or (3) the proclamation by the Governor of this State of the withdrawal by the State of California from the Compact or of a finding by the Governor of this State that the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency has become unable to perform its duties or exercise its powers.]

NRS 277.200 Text of Compact. [Effective upon the approval pursuant to Public Law 96-551 of the amendments to the Compact contained in section 1.5 of chapter 530, Statutes of Nevada 2011, at page 3711, as amended by section 2 of chapter 424, Statutes of Nevada 2013, at page 2345, and until: (1) the proclamation by the Governor of this State of the enactment by the State of California of amendments that are substantially identical to the amendments to the Compact contained in section 1 of chapter 207, Statutes of Nevada 2019, at page 1137; or (2) the proclamation by the Governor of this State of the withdrawal by the State of California from the Compact or of a finding by the Governor of this State that the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency has become unable to perform its duties or exercise its powers.]

NRS 277.200 Text of Compact. [Effective upon the proclamation by the Governor of this State of the enactment by the State of California of amendments that are substantially identical to the amendments to the Compact contained in section 1 of chapter 207, Statutes of Nevada 2019, at page 1137, and until: (1) the approval pursuant to Public Law 96-551 of the amendments to the Compact contained in section 1.5 of chapter 530, Statutes of Nevada 2011, at page 3711, as amended by section 2 of chapter 424, Statutes of Nevada 2013, at page 2345; or (2) the proclamation by the Governor of this State of the withdrawal by the State of California from the Compact or of a finding by the Governor of this State that the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency has become unable to perform its duties or exercise its powers.]

NRS 277.200 Text of Compact. [Effective upon: (1) the approval pursuant to Public Law 96-551 of the amendments to the Compact contained in section 1.5 of chapter 530, Statutes of Nevada 2011, at page 3711, as amended by section 2 of chapter 424, Statutes of Nevada 2013, at page 2345; and (2) the proclamation by the Governor of this State of the enactment by the State of California of amendments that are substantially identical to the amendments to the Compact contained in section 1 of chapter 207, Statutes of Nevada 2019, at page 1137, and until the proclamation by the Governor of this State of the withdrawal by the State of California from the Compact or of a finding by the Governor of this State that the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency has become unable to perform its duties or exercise its powers.]

NRS 277.207 Priority for hearings in judicial actions and proceedings.

NRS 277.210 Conflict of interest of member of governing body; penalties.

NRS 277.215 Violation of certain provisions of Code of Ordinances of Tahoe Regional Planning Agency: Peace officer authorized to take various actions; reporting of name and address of violator; exception.

NRS 277.220 Account for Tahoe Regional Planning Agency: Creation; source and use of money; annual submission of certain reports.

_________

NOTE: Sections 2 to 7, inclusive, 9 to 34, inclusive, and 36 to 41, inclusive, of chapter 223, Statutes of Nevada 2009, at pp. 836 to 850, inclusive, have been codified as NRS 277A.010 to 277A.250, inclusive, 277A.260, 277A.270, 277A.280, 277A.290 to 277A.330, inclusive, and 277A.350 to 277A.380, inclusive. Section 35 of chapter 223, Statutes of Nevada 2009, at p. 846, has been codified as NRS 373.131.

IMPLIED AGREEMENTS

NRS 277.035 Implied agreement between law enforcement agencies in absence of interlocal or cooperative agreement.

1. In the absence of an interlocal or cooperative agreement entered into pursuant to this chapter, if a law enforcement agency requests the assistance of another law enforcement agency which responds to the request, the law enforcement agencies shall be deemed to have entered into an implied agreement whereby:

(a) Both law enforcement agencies shall be deemed, for the limited purpose of the exclusive remedy set forth in NRS 616A.020, to employ jointly a person who:

(1) Is an employee of either law enforcement agency; and

(2) Sustains an injury by accident or motor vehicle crash while participating in the matter for which assistance was requested.

(b) Each law enforcement agency shall defend, hold harmless and indemnify the other law enforcement agency and its employees from any claim or liability arising from an act or omission performed by its own employee while participating in the matter for which assistance was requested, unless such act or omission is a negligent act or omission for which the law enforcement agency who employs that employee is not liable pursuant to NRS 41.0336.

2. As used in this section:

(a) “Employee” includes a person who:

(1) Is paid by a law enforcement agency to serve as a peace officer, as that term is defined in NRS 169.125; or

(2) Is recognized by and serves a law enforcement agency as a volunteer peace officer, as that term is described in NRS 616A.160.

(b) “Law enforcement agency” means an agency, office or bureau of this state or a political subdivision of this state, the primary duty of which is to enforce the law.

(Added to NRS by 1997, 3336; A 2015, 1661)

MISCELLANEOUS COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS

NRS 277.045 Cooperative agreements between political subdivisions for performance of governmental functions; budget for expenses.

1. Except as limited by NRS 280.105 and 711.175, any two or more political subdivisions of this State, including, without limitation, counties, incorporated cities and towns, unincorporated towns, school districts and special districts, may enter into a cooperative agreement for the performance of any governmental function. Such an agreement may include the furnishing or exchange of personnel, equipment, property or facilities of any kind, or the payment of money.

2. If it is reasonably foreseeable that a political subdivision of this State will be required to:

(a) Expend more than $25,000 to carry out such an agreement, the agreement must be by formal resolution or ordinance of the governing body of each political subdivision included, and must be spread at large upon the minutes, or attached in full thereto as an exhibit, of each governing body.

(b) Expend $25,000 or less to carry out such an agreement, the governing body of each participating political subdivision shall maintain written documentation of the terms of the agreement for at least 3 years after the date on which the agreement was entered into.

3. Each participating political subdivision shall provide in its annual budget for any expense to be incurred under any such agreement, the money for which is not made available through grant, gift or other source.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 651; A 1967, 698; 1981, 645; 1985, 665; 1987, 535; 2003, 1230; 2007, 497)

NRS 277.050 Sale, exchange or lease of real property by public agency: Conditions; procedure.

1. As used in this section, “public agency” includes, without limitation, the United States or a department or agency of the Federal Government, a county, a public corporation and a public district.

2. Without a vote of the electors of a public agency first being had, the governing body of the agency may:

(a) Sell or exchange to another public agency, the State of Nevada or a department or agency of the State or an Indian tribe; or

(b) Lease to another public agency, the State of Nevada or a department or agency of the State or an Indian tribe, for a term not exceeding 99 years,

Ê any real property belonging to it.

3. A sale or exchange may be:

(a) Negotiated without advertising for public bids.

(b) Made for cash or property, or for part cash and property, or for part cash and terms of deferred payments secured by mortgage or deed of trust, but the purchasing public agency or entity or exchanging public agencies or entities shall, except as otherwise provided in NRS 277.053, pay or convey property worth an amount at least equal to the current appraised value of the real property being conveyed or exchanged. Money derived from a sale must be used for capital outlay.

4. A lease may be:

(a) Negotiated without advertising for public bids.

(b) Made for such consideration as is authorized by action of the governing body of the lessor public agency.

5. Before ordering the sale, exchange or lease of any such property, the governing body of a public agency shall, in a regular open meeting, by a majority vote of its members, adopt a resolution declaring its intention to sell or exchange it, or a resolution declaring its intention to lease it, as the case may be. The resolution must:

(a) Describe the property proposed to be sold, exchanged or leased in such a manner as to identify it.

(b) Specify the minimum price, consideration or rent and the terms upon which it will be sold, exchanged or leased.

(c) Fix a time not less than 2 weeks thereafter for a public meeting of the governing body, at which objections to the sale, exchange or lease may be made by the electors of the public agency.

6. Notice of the adoption of the resolution and of the time and place of the public meeting must be published in a newspaper of general circulation published in the county in which the public agency or any part thereof is situated. The notice must be published not less than twice, on successive days, the last publication to be not less than 7 days before the date of the public meeting.

7. Any resolution accepting a bid or any other form of acceptance of a bid by another public agency must direct the chair, president or other presiding officer of the governing body of the selling, exchanging or lessor public agency to execute a deed or lease and to deliver it to the purchasing, exchanging or lessee public agency or entity upon the performance and compliance by it of all the terms and conditions of the contract to be performed concurrently with the delivery.

[1:388:1955] + [2:388:1955] + [3:388:1955] + [4:388:1955] + [5:388:1955] + [6:388:1955] + [7:388:1955] + [8:388:1955]—(NRS A 1957, 138; 1965, 631; 1969, 325, 865; 1975, 572; 1981, 376; 1991, 587; 1999, 1160)

NRS 277.053 Real property to be used for public purpose: Conveyance of such property by one political subdivision to State, state agency, another political subdivision or Indian tribe without charge. A governing body of a political subdivision may convey real property to the State, any agency of the State, another political subdivision or an Indian tribe without charge if the property is to be used for a public purpose.

(Added to NRS by 1981, 376; A 1999, 1161; 2007, 2837)

NRS 277.055 Cooperative agreements concerning insurance between public agencies or nonprofit medical facilities: Authorization; requirements; expenses.

1. As used in this section:

(a) “Medical facility” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 449.0151.

(b) “Nonprofit medical facility” means a nonprofit medical facility in this or another state.

2. Any two or more public agencies or nonprofit medical facilities may enter into a cooperative agreement for the purchase of insurance or the establishment of a self-insurance reserve or fund for coverage under a plan of:

(a) Casualty insurance, as that term is defined in NRS 681A.020;

(b) Marine and transportation insurance, as that term is defined in NRS 681A.050;

(d) Surety insurance, as that term is defined in NRS 681A.070;

(e) Health insurance, as that term is defined in NRS 681A.030; or

(f) Insurance for any combination of these kinds.

3. Every such agreement must:

(a) Be ratified by formal resolution or ordinance of the governing body or board of trustees of each agency or nonprofit medical facility included;

(b) Be included in the minutes of each governing body or board of trustees, or attached in full to the minutes as an exhibit;

(c) Be submitted to the Commissioner of Insurance not less than 30 days before the date on which the agreement is to become effective for approval in the manner provided by NRS 277.150; and

(d) If a public agency is a party to the agreement, comply with the provisions of NRS 277.080 to 277.180, inclusive.

4. Each participating agency or nonprofit medical facility shall provide for any expense to be incurred under any such agreement.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 535; A 1993, 1938, 2444; 1995, 699; 1999, 2819)

NRS 277.056 Cooperative agreements concerning insurance between public agencies or nonprofit medical facilities: Additional powers and obligations under such agreements between housing authorities.

1. An agreement entered into pursuant to NRS 277.055 by a housing authority created pursuant to chapter 315 of NRS, including, without limitation, the Nevada Rural Housing Authority, with a housing authority that is a political subdivision of another state or an agency of the United States may obligate the respective parties to such an agreement to pledge revenues or contribute money to secure the obligations or pay the expenses of the cooperative undertaking and may provide for the establishment of a separate entity to administer the undertaking.

2. Except as otherwise provided in subsections 3 and 4, any party to an agreement described in subsection 1, or any entity established by such an agreement, may:

(a) Obligate itself to contribute money for:

(1) The purchase of insurance;

(2) The establishment of a reserve fund or other fund for coverage;

(3) The payment of any debt; or

(4) Any other purpose related to the agreement;

(b) Borrow money for any such purpose;

(d) Secure payment of the notes and bonds by a pledge of revenues.

3. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, any obligation to contribute money that is undertaken pursuant to an agreement described in subsection 1:

(a) Is binding notwithstanding that it is intended to remain in force beyond the current budget year or the terms of office of the present members of the governing body of the obligor.

(b) If undertaken to pay any debt, must not remain in force for more than 30 years after the date on which the debt was incurred.

(c) If undertaken to pay claims and administrative expenses, must not remain in force for more than 10 years, except with respect to claims arising from events that occur during the period the obligation is in force.

4. Except for a pledge of revenues or an obligation to contribute money that pledges revenues or that otherwise commits money derived from a source other than taxation, any pledge or obligation which is made or undertaken pursuant to an agreement described in subsection 1 by a housing authority created in this State must not remain in force after the end of the biennium in which it is made or undertaken.

5. Any pledge of revenues made by a housing authority created in this State or a separate entity pursuant to an agreement described in subsection 1 is valid and binding from the time when the pledge is made. The revenues, money or property so pledged and thereafter received by the housing authority or separate entity is immediately subject to the lien of such pledge without any physical delivery thereof or further act, and the lien of any such pledge is valid and binding as against all persons having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise against the housing authority or separate entity, whether or not such persons have notice thereof. Neither the proceedings of the housing authority or separate entity relating to the bonds or notes issued pursuant to this section nor any other instrument by which such a pledge is created need be recorded.

6. This section constitutes full authority for the exercise of the powers granted in this section. Any other act or law which relates to the authorization or issuance of securities and which provides for an election does not apply to any proceedings taken or acts done pursuant to this section.

7. An issuance of bonds or notes, pledge of revenues, or obligation to contribute money that is made or undertaken pursuant to this section shall be deemed not to create indebtedness for the purposes of any limitation on indebtedness contained in any general or special law.

8. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the issuance of any bonds or notes pursuant to this section must be made in accordance with:

(a) NRS 315.140 to 315.7813, inclusive, if the bonds or notes are issued by:

(1) An authority, as that term is defined in NRS 315.170; or

(2) An entity established pursuant to an agreement described in subsection 1 on behalf of such an authority; or

(b) NRS 315.9986 to 315.99874, inclusive, if the bonds or notes are issued by:

(1) The Nevada Rural Housing Authority created pursuant to NRS 315.977; or

(2) An entity established pursuant to an agreement described in subsection 1 on behalf of the Nevada Rural Housing Authority.

(Added to NRS by 2007, 430)

NRS 277.057 Cooperative agreements concerning sites of archeological, paleontological or historical significance: Legislative findings and declaration. The Legislature hereby finds and declares that:

1. There are various unique and irreplaceable sites in this state of archeological, paleontological or historical significance.

2. Certain of these sites are in danger of degradation and destruction from the encroachment of urban development.

3. This state has a compelling interest in preserving, protecting, restoring and enhancing these sites.

4. The preservation, protection, restoration and enhancement of these sites is a matter of such significance that it must be carried out on a continual basis.

5. It is in the best interest of this state to ensure that certain public entities have continuing authority to enter into cooperative agreements for the preservation, protection, restoration and enhancement of such unique and irreplaceable sites in this state.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 1687; A 2009, 376)

1. A public entity, in consultation with any Indian tribe that has local aboriginal ties to the geographical area in which a unique archeological, paleontological or historical site is located and in cooperation with the Office of Historic Preservation of the State Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, may enter into a cooperative agreement with the owner of any property that contains a unique archeological, paleontological or historical site in this state or with any other person, agency of the Federal Government or other public entity for the preservation, protection, restoration and enhancement of unique archeological, paleontological or historical sites in this state, including, without limitation, cooperative agreements to:

(a) Monitor compliance with and enforce any federal or state statutes or regulations for the protection of such sites.

(b) Ensure the sensitive treatment of such sites in a manner that provides for their long-term preservation and the consideration of the values of relevant cultures.

(c) Apply for and accept grants and donations for the preservation, protection, restoration and enhancement of such sites.

(d) Create and enforce:

(1) Legal restrictions on the use of real property; and

(2) Easements for conservation, as defined in NRS 111.410,

Ê for the protection of such sites.

2. As used in this section, “public entity” means any:

(a) Agency of this state, including the Office of Historic Preservation of the State Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; and

(b) County, city or town in this state.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 1688; A 2001, 937; 2009, 376; 2011, 2951)

NRS 277.060 Cooperative agreements concerning water and sewerage between political subdivisions in certain counties.

1. In any county having a population of 100,000 or more, any county, city, town, water district, sewer or sanitation district or other political subdivision of the State authorized by law to acquire, operate and maintain water or sewage facilities, or both, or to improve a governmental service in connection therewith, may contract with one or more of these political subdivisions if the contract is authorized by each party thereto with the approval of its legislative body or other authority having the power to enter into or approve the contract.

2. Any such contract must set forth fully the purposes, powers, rights, obligations and responsibilities, financial and otherwise, of the contracting parties.

3. The contract may:

(a) Include, among other things, the renting of machinery and equipment, mobile or otherwise.

(b) Provide for the payment for water facilities, sewer facilities, lands, rights in land and water rights sold, leased or otherwise alienated, the payment to be made within a period of time not exceeding 30 years from the date of the contract from the rates, fees, tolls or charges derived from the operation of the water or sewer facilities, or both, upon such terms and conditions as may be specified in the contract, without the obligation being authorized by any qualified electors of any political subdivision which is a party to the contract.

4. The equipment and employees of any such political subdivision, while engaged in performing any governmental service, activity or undertaking under the contract, have and retain all the rights, privileges and immunities of, and shall be deemed to be engaged in the service and employment of, that political subdivision, notwithstanding that the governmental service, activity or undertaking is being performed in or for another political subdivision.

5. The powers conferred by this section are in addition and supplemental to, and not in substitution for, and the limitations imposed by this section do not affect the powers conferred by, any other law. No part of this section repeals or affects any other law or any part thereof, it being intended that this section provide a separate method of accomplishing its objectives, and not an exclusive one.

6. This section, being necessary to secure and preserve the public health, safety and convenience and welfare, must be liberally construed to effect its purpose.

(Added to NRS by 1957, 657; A 1969, 1539; 1979, 528; 1983, 127)

NRS 277.065 Cooperative agreements for improvement of quality of academic and career and technical education at correctional institutions for juveniles and state facilities for detention of children.

1. Within the limits of legislative appropriations, the Department of Education, the county school districts of the various counties of the State, the Nevada Youth Training Center Bureau and the Caliente Youth Center Bureau of the Division of Child and Family Services of the Department of Health and Human Services and any other state facility for the detention of children that is operated pursuant to title 5 of NRS may enter into cooperative arrangements for improving the quality of the academic, and career and technical education provided at the Nevada Youth Training Center, the Caliente Youth Center and any other state facility for the detention of children that is operated pursuant to title 5 of NRS.

2. This authorization includes the right to pay over money appropriated to the Nevada Youth Training Center, the Caliente Youth Center or any other state facility for the detention of children that is operated pursuant to title 5 of NRS to the Department of Education or to a county school district when necessary to accomplish the purpose of this section.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 339; A 1973, 1406, 1614; 1983, 127; 1985, 815; 1989, 1958; 1991, 2127; 2003, 1131; 2005, 1052)

NRS 277.0655 Cooperative agreements for educational services at hospital or other facility that provides residential treatment to children.

1. The Department of Education, the county school districts of the various counties, charter schools and the Division of Public and Behavioral Health of the Department of Health and Human Services may enter into cooperative agreements for the provision of educational services at any hospital or other facility which is licensed:

(a) By the Division that provides residential treatment to children and which operates a private school licensed pursuant to chapter 394 of NRS; or

(b) In the District of Columbia or any state or territory of the United States that:

(1) Meets the requirements of 42 C.F.R. §§ 441.151 to 441.156, inclusive;

(2) Provides residential treatment to children; and

(3) Operates an educational program accredited by a national organization and approved by the Department of Education.

2. The authorization provided by subsection 1 includes the right to pay over money appropriated to a county school district or charter school for the education of a child placed in such a hospital or facility.

3. As used in this section, “hospital” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 449.012.

(Added to NRS by 2013, 1008; A 2019, 3111)

1. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, any two or more political subdivisions of this State, agencies of the State or the Nevada System of Higher Education may enter into a cooperative agreement for the purchase of insurance or the establishment of a self-insurance reserve or fund for coverage under a plan of:

(a) Casualty insurance, as that term is defined in NRS 681A.020;

(b) Marine and transportation insurance, as that term is defined in NRS 681A.050;

(d) Surety insurance, as that term is defined in NRS 681A.070;

(e) Health insurance, as that term is defined in NRS 681A.030; or

(f) Insurance for any combination of these kinds of protection.

2. Any political subdivision of the State, any agency of the State or the Nevada System of Higher Education which participates in the Public Employees’ Benefits Program shall obtain the approval of the Board of the Public Employees’ Benefits Program before it enters into a cooperative agreement for the purchase of health insurance pursuant to paragraph (e) of subsection 1.

3. Any such agreement may obligate the respective parties to pledge revenues or contribute money to secure the obligations or pay the expenses of the cooperative undertaking and may provide for the establishment of a separate entity to administer the undertaking.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1678; A 1993, 371; 1995, 2508; 1999, 3040)

NRS 277.069 Cooperative agreements concerning insurance: Powers and obligations of parties.

1. Except as otherwise provided in subsections 2 and 3, any party to an agreement entered into pursuant to NRS 277.067, or any entity established by such an agreement, may:

(a) Obligate itself to contribute money for the purchase of insurance, the establishment of a reserve or fund for coverage, the payment of any debt, or for any other purpose related to the undertaking;

(b) Borrow money for any such purpose;

(d) Secure payment of the notes and bonds by a pledge of revenues.

2. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3, any obligation to contribute money which is undertaken pursuant to a cooperative agreement:

(a) Is binding notwithstanding that it is intended to remain in force beyond the current budget year or the terms of office of the present members of the governing body of the obligor.

(b) If undertaken to pay any debt, does not remain in force more than 30 years after the date of the borrowing.

(c) If undertaken to pay claims and administrative expenses, does not remain in force more than 10 years, except with respect to claims arising from occurrences during the period it is in force.

3. Except for a pledge of revenues or obligation to contribute money which pledges revenues or commits money derived from a source other than taxation, any pledge or obligation which is made or undertaken pursuant to a cooperative agreement by an agency of the State or the Nevada System of Higher Education does not remain in force after the end of the biennium in which it is made or undertaken.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1679; A 1993, 371; 1995, 2508; 2005, 363)

NRS 277.0695 Cooperative agreements concerning insurance: Issuance of securities; applicability of other laws concerning securities.

1. NRS 277.067 and 277.069 provide full authority for the exercise of the powers granted in those sections. No other act or law relating to the authorization or issuance of securities that provides for an election applies to any proceedings taken or acts done pursuant to those sections.

2. An issuance of bonds or notes, pledge of revenues, or obligation to contribute money which is made or undertaken pursuant to NRS 277.067 and 277.069 shall be deemed not to create indebtedness for the purposes of any limitation on indebtedness contained in any general or special law or charter.

3. Except as otherwise provided in this section and in NRS 277.067 and 277.069, the issuance of any bonds or notes pursuant to NRS 277.069 must be made in accordance with:

(a) The Local Government Securities Law, if the bonds or notes are issued by or on behalf of a municipality as that term is defined in NRS 350.538;

(b) The State Securities Law, if the bonds or notes are issued by or on behalf of an agency of the State; or

(c) The University Securities Law, if the bonds or notes are issued by or on behalf of the Nevada System of Higher Education.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1679; A 1993, 372; 2005, 363)

COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS FOR FINANCING GOVERNMENTAL FACILITIES

NRS 277.0705 Definitions. As used in NRS 277.0705 to 277.0755, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires, the words and terms defined in NRS 277.071 to 277.0735, inclusive, have the meanings ascribed to them in those sections.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1619)

NRS 277.071 “Borrowing local government” defined. “Borrowing local government” means a local government authorized to borrow money and become obligated to repay it which:

1. Borrows money from an issuer; or

2. Leases or enters into an arrangement for an installment purchase with a facility financed by an issuer.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1619)

NRS 277.0715 “Facility” defined. “Facility” means any governmental improvement or operation financed for a borrowing local government, including:

1. Land and interests therein;

2. Buildings;

3. Other structures;

4. Equipment;

5. Water systems;

6. Sewer systems;

7. Drainage and flood control systems;

8. Motor vehicles;

9. Police, ambulance and fire equipment;

10. Hospitals;

11. Jails;

12. Schools;

13. Libraries;

14. Highways, streets and sidewalks;

15. Airports;

16. Any other purpose for which a local government is authorized to borrow money; and

17. Furnishings, appurtenances and other items financed in connection with subsections 1 to 16, inclusive.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1620)

NRS 277.072 “Finance” defined. “Finance” includes refinancing or refunding obligations previously issued by an issuer or a borrowing local government for a facility.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1620)

NRS 277.0725 “Issuer” defined. “Issuer” means:

1. A local government or separate administrative or legal entity designated in a cooperative agreement to issue revenue securities; or

2. A borrowing local government.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1620)

NRS 277.073 “Local government” defined. “Local government” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 354.474.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1620)

NRS 277.0735 “Revenue securities” defined. “Revenue securities” means negotiable revenue bonds or notes payable from the sources designated in NRS 277.0745.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1620)

NRS 277.074 Local governments may enter into cooperative agreements for borrowing money to finance facility; contents of agreement. Two or more local governments may enter into cooperative agreements for borrowing money to finance a facility. The agreement must designate the issuer. If the agreement creates a separate legal or administrative entity to administer the borrowing or the proceeds it must specify the composition and powers of the governing body of that entity.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1620)

NRS 277.0745 Issuance and repayment of revenue securities. The issuer on behalf of the borrowing local government may issue revenue securities in order to finance a facility. The revenue securities and the interest must be repaid solely from:

1. The proceeds of the revenue securities and interest earned;

2. Revenues of any facility financed with the revenue securities;

3. Repayments of loans to borrowing local governments made with the proceeds of the revenue securities;

4. Rentals or payments for installment purchases made with respect to facilities financed with revenue securities; and

5. The proceeds of the sale of any facility financed with the proceeds of the revenue securities or any part of it.

Ê Repayment may be additionally secured by a mortgage, security interest or other encumbrance on a facility financed with the revenue securities.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1620)

NRS 277.075 Prerequisites to borrowing from issuer or becoming obligated for facility. A borrowing local government may not borrow money from an issuer or become obligated on a lease or agreement for an installment purchase for a facility financed by revenue securities unless the borrowing local government:

1. Has the authority to borrow money or enter into a lease or agreement for an installment purchase for the facility being financed with the revenue securities; and

2. Has followed the procedure required by law to borrow money or enter into a lease or an agreement for an installment purchase.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1621)

NRS 277.0755 Application of Local Government Securities Law. The provisions of the Local Government Securities Law apply to revenue securities issued pursuant to NRS 277.0745 to the extent that they are consistent with the provisions of NRS 277.0705 to 277.075, inclusive.

(Added to NRS by 1987, 1621)

INTERLOCAL COOPERATION ACT

NRS 277.080 Short title. NRS 277.080 to 277.180, inclusive, may be cited as the Interlocal Cooperation Act.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 1332; A 1993, 1453)

NRS 277.090 Purpose. It is the purpose of NRS 277.080 to 277.180, inclusive, to permit local governments to make the most efficient use of their powers by enabling them to cooperate with other local governments on a basis of mutual advantage and thereby to provide services and facilities in a manner and pursuant to forms of governmental organization which will best accord with geographic, economic, population and other factors influencing the needs and development of local communities.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 1332)

NRS 277.100 Definitions. As used in NRS 277.080 to 277.180, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires:

1. “Public agency” means:

(a) Any political subdivision of this State, including without limitation counties, incorporated cities and towns, including Carson City, unincorporated towns, school districts and other districts.

(b) Any agency of this State or of the United States.

(d) Any Indian tribe, group of tribes, organized segment of a tribe, or any organization representing two or more such entities.

2. “State” includes any of the United States and the District of Columbia.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 1332; A 1969, 327; 1973, 260; 1983, 128)

NRS 277.103 Consolidation of governmental services; supplementary and prevailing provisions.

1. The governing bodies of a county, the largest city, and each other incorporated city which chooses to participate may consolidate the services provided by those governments, by interlocal agreement pursuant to the provisions of NRS 277.105.

2. The provisions of this section and NRS 277.105 supplement, and in case of conflict prevail over, the provisions of NRS 277.110 to 277.180, inclusive.

(Added to NRS by 1993, 1453; A 2015, 3844; 2017, 60)

1. In a county in which governmental services are consolidated, the governing bodies may establish a permanent administrative entity to perform specific functions throughout the participating cities and in the unincorporated area of the county, including, but not limited to:

(a) Prevention and suppression of fire.

(b) Sanitation and sewerage.

(c) Planning, regulation of use of land and buildings, inspection of buildings for safety, and the issuance of building permits.

(d) Regulation of business and gaming and issuance of business and gaming licenses.

(e) Provision of parks and recreation, including the maintenance of existing facilities.

(f) Provision of informational systems and data processing for the county and participating cities.

(g) General services and the maintenance of buildings and vehicles for the county and participating cities.

2. The county and each participating city may negotiate concerning the manner of contributing to the budget of the administrative entity in proportion to the sum of revenues derived by each from taxes, licenses for business and gaming, and fees for services performed, in each city and in the unincorporated area of the county, respectively.

(Added to NRS by 1993, 1453; A 2015, 3844; 2017, 60)

NRS 277.110 Joint exercise of powers, privileges and authority by public agencies; purchase of prescription drugs, pharmaceutical services, medical supplies or related services; agreements. Except as limited by NRS 280.105 and 711.175:

1. Any power, privilege or authority exercised or capable of exercise by a public agency of this State, including, but not limited to, law enforcement, may be exercised jointly with any other public agency of this State, and jointly with any public agency of any other state or of the United States to the extent that the laws of such other state or of the United States permit such joint exercise. Any agency of this State when acting jointly with any other public agency may exercise all the powers, privileges and authority conferred by NRS 277.080 to 277.180, inclusive, upon a public agency.

2. Any two or more public agencies may enter into agreements with one another for joint or cooperative action pursuant to the provisions of NRS 277.080 to 277.170, inclusive.

3. A public agency may enter into an agreement with any other public agency or private entity in this State, the District of Columbia or any other state or territory of the United States or any agency of the United States for the purchase of prescription drugs, pharmaceutical services, or medical supplies and related services to the extent that the laws applicable to each participating agency and entity permit such an agreement.

4. If it is reasonably foreseeable that a participating public agency will be required to:

(a) Expend more than $25,000 to carry out an agreement described in this section, the agreement:

(1) Must be in writing.

(2) Becomes effective only upon ratification by appropriate ordinance, resolution or otherwise pursuant to law on the part of the governing bodies of the participating public agencies.

(b) Expend $25,000 or less to carry out such an agreement, each participating public agency shall maintain written documentation of the terms of the agreement for at least 3 years after the date on which the agreement was entered into.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 1332; A 1973, 1077; 1981, 646; 2001, 1079; 2003, 1231; 2007, 498; 2021, 1753)

NRS 277.120 Contents of agreement establishing separate legal or administrative entity; contents of other agreements.

1. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 277.105, any agreement made pursuant to NRS 277.110 which establishes a separate legal or administrative entity to conduct the joint or cooperative undertaking shall specify:

(a) The precise organization, composition and nature of such entity and the powers delegated thereto.

(b) The duration of the agreement.

(d) The manner of financing such undertaking and of establishing and maintaining a budget therefor.

(e) The method or methods to be employed in accomplishing the partial or complete termination of the agreement and for disposing of property upon such partial or complete termination.

(f) Any other necessary or proper matters.

2. Any agreement so made which does not establish such an entity shall contain:

(a) The provisions enumerated in paragraphs (b) to (f), inclusive, of subsection 1.

(b) Provision for an administrator or joint board responsible for administering the joint or cooperative undertaking. In the case of a joint board, public agencies which are parties to the agreement shall be represented.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 1332; A 1993, 1454)

NRS 277.130 Effect of agreement on legal obligations and responsibilities of public agency; certain legal entities created by agreement prohibited from operating in certain manner.

1. No agreement made pursuant to NRS 277.080 to 277.170, inclusive, relieves any public agency of any obligation or responsibility imposed upon it by law except that to the extent of actual and timely performance by a joint board or other legal or administrative entity created by the agreement, such performance may be offered in satisfaction of the obligation or responsibility.

2. A legal entity created before July 1, 2001, by an agreement made pursuant to NRS 277.080 to 277.170, inclusive, must not be operated in such a manner as to affect adversely the continued existence of a public agency that is not a party to the agreement.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 1333; A 2001, 1698)

1. Any agreement made pursuant to NRS 277.080 to 277.170, inclusive, for which it is reasonably foreseeable that a public agency will be required to expend more than $25,000:

(a) May be submitted to the Attorney General, who shall determine whether it is in proper form and compatible with the laws of this State. The Attorney General shall set forth in detail, in writing, addressed to the governing bodies of the public agencies concerned, any specific respects in which he or she finds that the proposed agreement fails to comply with the requirements of law. Any failure by the Attorney General to disapprove an agreement submitted under the provisions of this section within 30 days after its submission shall be deemed to constitute his or her approval.

(b) Must be recorded with the county recorder of each county in which a participating political subdivision of this State is located and filed with the Secretary of State.

2. The Attorney General may charge the cost of performing any determination made pursuant to subsection 1 to the public agency that submits the agreement to the Attorney General for review, but only if the determination is made within 30 days after the date on which the Attorney General receives the agreement. Any such costs must be charged in a manner that is substantially similar to the manner for charging state agencies for services, as set forth in NRS 228.113.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 1333; A 2001, 1080, 1759; 2003, 75; 2007, 498; 2011, 373)

NRS 277.150 Approval of certain agreements by state officer or agency. In the event that an agreement made pursuant to NRS 277.080 to 277.170, inclusive, deals in whole or in part with the provision of services of facilities over which an officer or agency of this State has constitutional or statutory powers of control, the agreement must, as a condition precedent to its entry into force, be submitted to the state officer or agency having such power of control for approval or disapproval as to all matters within the jurisdiction of the state officer or agency in the same manner and subject to the same requirements as govern the action of the Attorney General under NRS 277.140. This requirement of submission and approval is in addition to and not in substitution for the authority for submission and approval by the Attorney General.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 1333; A 2011, 374)

NRS 277.160 Agreement as interstate compact; liability of state; actions. An agreement entered into pursuant to NRS 277.080 to 277.170, inclusive, between or among one or more public agencies of this state and one or more public agencies of another state or of the United States shall have the status of an interstate compact, but in any case or controversy involving performance or interpretation thereof or liability thereunder, the public agencies which are parties to the agreement shall be real parties in interest, and the state may maintain an action to recover for any damages or liability which it may incur by reason of being joined as a party in such case or controversy. Such action shall be maintainable against any public agency whose default, failure of performance, or other conduct caused or contributed to the incurring of damage or liability by the state.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 1333)

NRS 277.170 Appropriations; furnishing of property, personnel and services; issuance of securities.

1. A public agency which has entered into an agreement pursuant to NRS 277.080 to 277.170, inclusive, may support the administrative joint board or other legal or administrative entity created to operate the joint or cooperative undertaking, to the extent that funds for such operation are not made available through grant, gift or other source, in any one or more of the following ways:

(a) By appropriating funds;

(b) By selling, leasing, giving or otherwise supplying property; or

2. A public agency may also support a joint or cooperative undertaking by issuing its own securities to defray costs ultimately to be borne by the other party, in contemplation of later repayment.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 1334; A 1967, 698; 1995, 1605)

NRS 277.180 Interlocal contracts.

1. Any one or more public agencies may contract with any one or more other public agencies to perform any governmental service, activity or undertaking which any of the public agencies entering into the contract is authorized by law to perform.

2. If it is reasonably foreseeable that a public agency will be required to:

(a) Expend more than $25,000 to carry out a contract, the contract must:

(1) Set forth fully the purposes, powers, rights, objectives and responsibilities of the contracting parties;

(2) Be ratified by appropriate official action of the governing body of each party to the contract as a condition precedent to its entry into force;

(3) If an agency of this State is a party to the contract, be approved by the Attorney General as to form and compliance with law; and

(4) Be in writing.

(b) Expend $25,000 or less to carry out a contract, each participating public agency shall maintain written documentation of the terms of the contract for at least 3 years after the date on which the contract was entered into.

3. The authorized purposes of agreements made pursuant to subsection 1 include, but are not limited to:

(a) The joint use of hospitals, road construction and repair equipment, and such other facilities or services as may and can be reasonably used for the promotion and protection of the health and welfare of the inhabitants of this State.

(b) The joint use of county and city personnel, equipment and facilities, including sewer systems, drainage systems, street lighting systems, fire alarm systems, sewage disposal plants, playgrounds, parks and recreational facilities, and public buildings constructed by or under the supervision of the board of county commissioners or the city council of the county and city concerned, upon such terms and agreements, and within such areas within the county as may be determined, for the promotion and protection of health, comfort, safety, life, welfare and property of the inhabitants of the counties and cities.

(c) The joint employment of clerks, stenographers and other employees in the offices of the city and county auditor, city and county assessor, city and county treasurer, or any other joint city and county office existing or hereafter established in the several counties, upon such terms and conditions as may be determined for the equitable apportionment of the expenses of the joint city and county office.

(d) The joint and cooperative use of fire-fighting and fire-protection equipment for the protection of property and the prevention and suppression of fire.

(e) The joint use of county and city personnel, equipment and facilities, upon such terms and conditions, and within such areas within the county as may be determined, for the promotion and protection of the health of the inhabitants of the county and city through the regulation, control and prohibition of the excessive emission of dense smoke and air pollution.

(f) The joint and cooperative use of law enforcement agencies.

(g) The joint use or operation of a system of public transportation.

4. Each public agency which has entered into an agreement pursuant to this section shall annually at the time of preparing its budget include an estimate of the expenses necessary to carry out such agreement, the funds for which are not made available through grant, gift or other source, and provide for such expense as other items are provided in its budget. Each such public agency may furnish property, personnel or services as necessary to carry out the agreement.

(Added to NRS by 1965, 1334; A 1967, 699; 1973, 1077; 1999, 2173; 2001, 808, 1080, 1083; 2007, 499)

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT COOPERATION ACT

NRS 277.182 Short title. NRS 277.182 to 277.188, inclusive, may be cited as the State and Local Government Cooperation Act.

(Added to NRS by 2015, 1124)

NRS 277.183 Definitions. As used in NRS 277.182 to 277.188, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires, the words and terms defined in NRS 277.184, 277.1855 and 277.186 have the meanings ascribed to them in those sections.

(Added to NRS by 2015, 1124)

NRS 277.184 “Local government” defined. “Local government” means any county or city.

(Added to NRS by 2015, 1124)

NRS 277.1855 “Plan” defined. “Plan” means:

1. In the case of a local government, a master plan adopted by the local government pursuant to NRS 278.160 or any part thereof.

2. In the case of a state agency, a plan adopted by the state agency that may affect a master plan, or any part thereof, adopted by the local government pursuant to NRS 278.160.

(Added to NRS by 2015, 1124)

NRS 277.186 “State agency” defined. “State agency” means an agency, bureau, board, commission, department, division or any other unit of the Executive Department of State Government.

(Added to NRS by 2015, 1124)

1. It is the purpose of the State and Local Government Cooperation Act to encourage communication, cooperation and coordinated working relationships between state agencies and local governments.

2. To carry out the purposes set forth in subsection 1:

(a) If a state agency intends to adopt a plan or an amendment thereto, the state agency should, to the extent practicable:

(1) Inform local governments that may be affected of the state agency’s intent to adopt a plan or amendment thereto.

(2) Solicit and consider comments from local governments that may be affected by the plan or amendment thereto.

(3) If a local government informs the state agency that the proposed plan or amendment thereto will be inconsistent or incompatible with a plan of the local government, consider whether the state agency can make the proposed plan or amendment consistent or compatible with the plan of the local government.

(b) If a local government intends to adopt a plan or an amendment thereto, the local government should, to the extent practicable:

(1) Inform state agencies that may be affected of the local government’s intent to adopt a plan or amendment thereto.

(2) Solicit and consider comments from state agencies that may be affected by the plan or amendment thereto.

(3) If a state agency informs the local government that the proposed plan or amendment thereto will be inconsistent or incompatible with a plan of the state agency, consider whether the local government can make the proposed plan or amendment consistent or compatible with the plan of the state agency.

(Added to NRS by 2015, 1124)

NRS 277.188 Interpretation of Act must not limit power of state agency or local government to carry out statutory duties and responsibilities. Nothing in the State and Local Government Cooperation Act shall be interpreted to limit the power of a state agency or local government to carry out its statutory duties and responsibilities.

(Added to NRS by 2015, 1125)

TAHOE REGIONAL PLANNING COMPACT

NRS 277.190 Enactment of Tahoe Regional Planning Compact. The Tahoe Regional Planning Compact, set forth in full in NRS 277.200, is hereby enacted into law.

(Added to NRS by 1968, 4; A 2013, 2366, 2367, 3838)

Tahoe Regional Planning Compact

ARTICLE I. Findings and Declarations of Policy

(a) It is found and declared that:

(1) The waters of Lake Tahoe and other resources of the region are threatened with deterioration or degeneration, which endangers the natural beauty and economic productivity of the region.

(2) The public and private interests and investments in the region are substantial.

(3) The region exhibits unique environmental and ecological values which are irreplaceable.

(4) By virtue of the special conditions and circumstances of the region’s natural ecology, developmental pattern, population distribution and human needs, the region is experiencing problems of resource use and deficiencies of environmental control.

(5) Increasing urbanization is threatening the ecological values of the region and threatening the public opportunities for use of the public lands.

(6) Maintenance of the social and economic health of the region depends on maintaining the significant scenic, recreational, educational, scientific, natural and public health values provided by the Lake Tahoe Basin.

(7) There is a public interest in protecting, preserving and enhancing these values for the residents of the region and for visitors to the region.

(8) Responsibilities for providing recreational and scientific opportunities, preserving scenic and natural areas, and safeguarding the public who live, work and play in or visit the region are divided among local governments, regional agencies, the states of California and Nevada, and the Federal Government.

(9) In recognition of the public investment and multistate and national significance of the recreational values, the Federal Government has an interest in the acquisition of recreational property and the management of resources in the region to preserve environmental and recreational values, and the Federal Government should assist the states in fulfilling their responsibilities.

(10) In order to preserve the scenic beauty and outdoor recreational opportunities of the region, there is a need to insure an equilibrium between the region’s natural endowment and its man-made environment.

(b) In order to enhance the efficiency and governmental effectiveness of the region, it is imperative that there be established a Tahoe Regional Planning Agency with the powers conferred by this compact including the power to establish environmental threshold carrying capacities and to adopt and enforce a regional plan and implementing ordinances which will achieve and maintain such capacities while providing opportunities for orderly growth and development consistent with such capacities.

(c) The Tahoe Regional Planning Agency shall interpret and administer its plans, ordinances, rules and regulations in accordance with the provisions of this compact.

ARTICLE II. Definitions

As used in this compact:

(a) “Region,” includes Lake Tahoe, the adjacent parts of Douglas and Washoe counties and Carson City, which for the purposes of this compact shall be deemed a county, lying within the Tahoe Basin in the State of Nevada, and the adjacent parts of the Counties of Placer and El Dorado lying within the Tahoe Basin in the State of California, and that additional and adjacent part of the County of Placer outside of the Tahoe Basin in the State of California which lies southward and eastward of a line starting at the intersection of the basin crestline and the north boundary of Section 1, thence west to the northwest corner of Section 3, thence south to the intersection of the basin crestline and the west boundary of Section 10; all sections referring to Township 15 North, Range 16 East, M.D.B. & M. The region defined and described herein shall be as precisely delineated on official maps of the agency.

(b) “Agency” means the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency.

(d) “Regional plan” means the long-term general plan for the development of the region.

(e) “Planning commission” means the advisory planning commission appointed pursuant to subdivision (h) of Article III.

(f) “Gaming” means to deal, operate, carry on, conduct, maintain or expose for play any banking or percentage game played with cards, dice or any mechanical device or machine for money, property, checks, credit or any representative of value, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, faro, monte, roulette, keno, bingo, fantan, twenty-one, blackjack, seven-and-a-half, big injun, klondike, craps, stud poker, draw poker or slot machine, but does not include social games played solely for drinks, or cigars or cigarettes served individually, games played in private homes or residences for prizes or games operated by charitable or educational organizations, to the extent excluded by applicable state law.

(g) “Restricted gaming license” means a license to operate not more than 15 slot machines on which a quarterly fee is charged pursuant to NRS 463.373 and no other games.

(h) “Project” means an activity undertaken by any person, including any public agency, if the activity may substantially affect the land, water, air, space or any other natural resources of the region.

(i) “Environmental threshold carrying capacity” means an environmental standard necessary to maintain a significant scenic, recreational, educational, scientific or natural value of the region or to maintain public health and safety within the region. Such standards shall include but not be limited to standards for air quality, water quality, soil conservation, vegetation preservation and noise.

(j) “Feasible” means capable of being accomplished in a successful manner within a reasonable period of time, taking into account economic, environmental, social and technological factors.

(k) “Areas open to public use” means all of the areas within a structure housing gaming under a nonrestricted license except areas devoted to the private use of guests.

(l) “Areas devoted to private use of guests” means hotel rooms and hallways to serve hotel room areas, and any parking areas. A hallway serves hotel room areas if more than 50 percent of the areas on each side of the hallway are hotel rooms.

(m) “Nonrestricted license” means a gaming license which is not a restricted gaming license.

ARTICLE III. Organization

(a) There is created the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency as a separate legal entity.

The governing body of the agency shall be constituted as follows:

(1) California delegation:

(A) One member appointed by each of the County Boards of Supervisors of the Counties of El Dorado and Placer and one member appointed by the City Council of the City of South Lake Tahoe. Any such member may be a member of the county board of supervisors or city council, respectively, and shall reside in the territorial jurisdiction of the governmental body making the appointment.

(B) Two members appointed by the Governor of California, one member appointed by the Speaker of the Assembly of California and one member appointed by the Senate Rules Committee of the State of California. The members appointed pursuant to this subparagraph shall not be residents of the region and shall represent the public at large within the State of California.

(2) Nevada delegation:

(A) One member appointed by each of the boards of county commissioners of Douglas and Washoe counties and one member appointed by the board of supervisors of Carson City. Any such member may be a member of the board of county commissioners or board of supervisors, respectively, and shall reside in the territorial jurisdiction of the governmental body making the appointment.

(B) One member appointed by the governor of Nevada, the secretary of state of Nevada or his designee, and the director of the state department of conservation and natural resources of Nevada or his designee. Except for the secretary of state and the director of the state department of conservation and natural resources, the members or designees appointed pursuant to this subparagraph shall not be residents of the region. All members appointed pursuant to this subparagraph shall represent the public at large within the State of Nevada.

(C) One member appointed for a 1-year term by the six other members of the Nevada delegation. If at least four members of the Nevada delegation are unable to agree upon the selection of a seventh member within 60 days after the effective date of the amendments to this compact or the occurrence of a vacancy on the governing body for that state the governor of the State of Nevada shall make such an appointment. The member appointed pursuant to this subparagraph may, but is not required to, be a resident of the region within the State of Nevada.

(3) If any appointing authority under paragraph (1)(A), (1)(B), (2)(A) or (2)(B) fails to make such an appointment within 60 days after the effective date of the amendments to this compact or the occurrence of a vacancy on the governing body, the governor of the state in which the appointing authority is located shall make the appointment. The term of any member so appointed shall be 1 year.

(4) The position of any member of the governing body shall be deemed vacant if such a member is absent from three consecutive meetings of the governing body in any calendar year.

(5) Each member and employee of the agency shall disclose his economic interests in the region within 10 days after taking his seat on the governing board or being employed by the agency and shall thereafter disclose any further economic interest which he acquires, as soon as feasible after he acquires it. As used in this paragraph, “economic interests” means:

(A) Any business entity operating in the region in which the member or employee has a direct or indirect investment worth more than $1,000;

(B) Any real property located in the region in which the member or employee has a direct or indirect interest worth more than $1,000;

(C) Any source of income attributable to activities in the region, other than loans by or deposits with a commercial lending institution in the regular course of business, aggregating $250 or more in value received by or promised to the member within the preceding 12 months; or

(D) Any business entity operating in the region in which the member or employee is a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or holds any position of management.

Ê No member or employee of the agency shall make, or attempt to influence, an agency decision in which he knows or has reason to know he has an economic interest. Members and employees of the agency must disqualify themselves from making or participating in the making of any decision of the agency when it is reasonably foreseeable that the decision will have a material financial effect, distinguishable from its effect on the public generally, on the economic interests of the member or employee.

(b) The members of the agency shall serve without compensation, but the expenses of each member shall be met by the body which he represents in accordance with the law of that body. All other expenses incurred by the governing body in the course of exercising the powers conferred upon it by this compact unless met in some other manner specifically provided, shall be paid by the agency out of its own funds.

(c) Except for the secretary of state and director of the state department of conservation and natural resources of Nevada and the member appointed pursuant to subdivision (a)(2)(C), the members of the governing body serve at the pleasure of the appointing authority in each case, but each appointment shall be reviewed no less often than every 4 years. Members may be reappointed.

(d) The governing body of the agency shall meet at least monthly. All meetings shall be open to the public to the extent required by the law of the State of California or the State of Nevada, whichever imposes the greater requirement, applicable to local governments at the time such meeting is held. The governing body shall fix a date for its regular monthly meeting in such terms as “the first Monday of each month,” and shall not change such date more often than once in any calendar year. Notice of the date so fixed shall be given by publication at least once in a newspaper or combination of newspapers whose circulation is general throughout the region and in each county a portion of whose territory lies within the region. Notice of any special meeting, except an emergency meeting, shall be given by so publishing the date and place and posting an agenda at least 5 days prior to the meeting.

(e) The position of a member of the governing body shall be considered vacated upon his loss of any of the qualifications required for his appointment and in such event the appointing authority shall appoint a successor.

(f) The governing body shall elect from its own members a chairman and vice chairman, whose terms of office shall be 2 years, and who may be reelected. If a vacancy occurs in either office, the governing body may fill such vacancy for the unexpired term.

(g) Four of the members of the governing body from each state constitute a quorum for the transaction of the business of the agency. The voting procedures shall be as follows:

(1) For adopting, amending or repealing environmental threshold carrying capacities, the regional plan, and ordinances, rules and regulations, and for granting variances from the ordinances, rules and regulations, the vote of at least four of the members of each state agreeing with the vote of at least four members of the other state shall be required to take action. If there is no vote of at least four of the members from one state agreeing with the vote of at least four of the members of the other state on the actions specified in this paragraph, an action of rejection shall be deemed to have been taken.

(2) For approving a project, the affirmative vote of at least five members from the state in which the project is located and the affirmative vote of at least nine members of the governing body are required. If at least five members of the governing body from the state in which the project is located and at least nine members of the entire governing body do not vote in favor of the project, upon a motion for approval, an action of rejection shall be deemed to have been taken. A decision by the agency to approve a project shall be supported by a statement of findings, adopted by the agency, which indicates that the project complies with the regional plan and with applicable ordinances, rules and regulations of the agency.

(3) For routine business and for directing the agency’s staff on litigation and enforcement actions, at least eight members of the governing body must agree to take action. If at least eight votes in favor of such action are not cast, an action of rejection shall be deemed to have been taken.

Ê Whenever under the provisions of this compact or any ordinance, rule, regulation or policy adopted pursuant thereto, the agency is required to review or approve any project, public or private, the agency shall take final action by vote, whether to approve, to require modification or to reject such project, within 180 days after the application for such project is accepted as complete by the agency in compliance with the agency’s rules and regulations governing such delivery unless the applicant has agreed to an extension of this time limit. If a final action by vote does not take place within 180 days, the applicant may bring an action in a court of competent jurisdiction to compel a vote unless he has agreed to an extension. This provision does not limit the right of any person to obtain judicial review of agency action under subdivision (h) of Article VI. The vote of each member of the governing body shall be individually recorded. The governing body shall adopt its own rules, regulations and procedures.

(h) An advisory planning commission shall be appointed by the agency. The commission shall include: the chief planning officers of Placer County, El Dorado County, and the City of South Lake Tahoe in California and of Douglas County, Washoe County and Carson City in Nevada, the executive officer of the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board of the State of California, the executive officer of the Air Resources Board of the State of California, the director of the state department of conservation and natural resources of the State of Nevada, the administrator of the division of environmental protection in the state department of conservation and natural resources of the State of Nevada, the administrator of the Lake Tahoe Management Unit of the United States Forest Service, and at least four lay members with an equal number from each state, at least half of whom shall be residents of the region. Any official member may designate an alternate.

The term of office of each lay member of the advisory planning commission shall be 2 years. Members may be reappointed.

The position of each member of the advisory planning commission shall be considered vacated upon loss of any of the qualifications required for appointment, and in such an event the appointing authority shall appoint a successor.

The advisory planning commission shall elect from its own members a chairman and a vice chairman, whose terms of office shall be 2 years and who may be reelected. If a vacancy occurs in either office, the advisory planning commission shall fill such vacancy for the unexpired term.

A majority of the members of the advisory planning commission constitutes a quorum for the transaction of the business of the commission. A majority vote of the quorum present shall be required to take action with respect to any matter.

(i) The agency shall establish and maintain an office within the region, and for this purpose the agency may rent or own property and equipment. Every plan, ordinance and other record of the agency which is of such nature as to constitute a public record under the law of either the State of California or the State of Nevada shall be open to inspection and copying during regular office hours.

(j) Each authority charged under this compact or by the law of either state with the duty of appointing a member of the governing body of the agency shall by certified copy of its resolution or other action notify the Secretary of State of its own state of the action taken.

ARTICLE IV. Personnel

(a) The governing body shall determine the qualification of, and it shall appoint and fix the salary of, the executive officer of the agency, and shall employ such other staff and legal counsel as may be necessary to execute the powers and functions provided for under this compact or in accordance with any intergovernmental contracts or agreements the agency may be responsible for administering.

(b) Agency personnel standards and regulations shall conform insofar as possible to the regulations and procedures of the civil service of the State of California or the State of Nevada, as may be determined by the governing body of the agency; and shall be regional and bistate in application and effect; provided that the governing body may, for administrative convenience and at its discretion, assign the administration of designated personnel arrangements to an agency of either state, and provided that administratively convenient adjustments be made in the standards and regulations governing personnel assigned under intergovernmental agreements.

(c) The agency may establish and maintain or participate in such additional programs of employee benefits as may be appropriate to afford employees of the agency terms and conditions of employment similar to those enjoyed by employees of California and Nevada generally.

ARTICLE V. Planning

(a) In preparing each of the plans required by this article and each amendment thereto, if any, subsequent to its adoption, the planning commission after due notice shall hold at least one public hearing which may be continued from time to time, and shall review the testimony and any written recommendations presented at such hearing before recommending the plan or amendment. The notice required by this subdivision shall be given at least 20 days prior to the public hearing by publication at least once in a newspaper or combination of newspapers whose circulation is general throughout the region and in each county a portion of whose territory lies within the region.

The planning commission shall then recommend such plan or amendment to the governing body for adoption by ordinance. The governing body may adopt, modify or reject the proposed plan or amendment, or may initiate and adopt a plan or amendment without referring it to the planning commission. If the governing body initiates or substantially modifies a plan or amendment, it shall hold at least one public hearing thereon after due notice as required in this subdivision.

If a request is made for the amendment of the regional plan by:

(1) A political subdivision a part of whose territory would be affected by such amendment; or

(2) The owner or lessee of real property which would be affected by such amendment,

Ê the governing body shall complete its action on such amendment within 180 days after such request is accepted as complete according to standards which must be prescribed by ordinance of the agency.

(b) The agency shall develop, in cooperation with the states of California and Nevada, environmental threshold carrying capacities for the region. The agency should request the President’s Council on Environmental Quality, the United States Forest Service and other appropriate agencies to assist in developing such environmental threshold carrying capacities. Within 18 months after the effective date of the amendments to this compact, the agency shall adopt environmental threshold carrying capacities for the region.

(c) Within 1 year after the adoption of the environmental threshold carrying capacities for the region, the agency shall amend the regional plan so that, at a minimum, the plan and all of its elements, as implemented through agency ordinances, rules and regulations, achieves and maintains the adopted environmental threshold carrying capacities. Each element of the plan shall contain implementation provisions and time schedules for such implementation by ordinance. The planning commission and governing body shall continuously review and maintain the regional plan. The regional plan shall consist of a diagram, or diagrams, and text, or texts setting forth the projects and proposals for implementation of the regional plan, a description of the needs and goals of the region and a statement of the policies, standards and elements of the regional plan.

The regional plan shall be a single enforceable plan and includes all of the following correlated elements:

(1) A land-use plan for the integrated arrangement and general location and extent of, and the criteria and standards for, the uses of land, water, air, space and other natural resources within the region, including but not limited to an indication or allocation of maximum population densities and permitted uses.

(2) A transportation plan for the integrated development of a regional system of transportation, including but not limited to parkways, highways, transportation facilities, transit routes, waterways, navigation facilities, public transportation facilities, bicycle facilities, and appurtenant terminals and facilities for the movement of people and goods within the region. The goal of transportation planning shall be:

(A) To reduce dependency on the automobile by making more effective use of existing transportation modes and of public transit to move people and goods within the region; and

(B) To reduce to the extent feasible air pollution which is caused by motor vehicles.

Ê Where increases in capacity are required, the agency shall give preference to providing such capacity through public transportation and public programs and projects related to transportation. The agency shall review and consider all existing transportation plans in preparing its regional transportation plan pursuant to this paragraph.

The plan shall provide for an appropriate transit system for the region.

The plan shall give consideration to:

(A) Completion of the Loop Road in the states of Nevada and California;

(B) Utilization of a light rail mass transit system in the South Shore area; and

Ê Until the regional plan is revised, or a new transportation plan is adopted in accordance with this paragraph, the agency has no effective transportation plan.

(3) A conservation plan for the preservation, development, utilization, and management of the scenic and other natural resources within the basin, including but not limited to, soils, shoreline and submerged lands, scenic corridors along transportation routes, open spaces, recreational and historical facilities.

(4) A recreation plan for the development, utilization, and management of the recreational resources of the region, including but not limited to, wilderness and forested lands, parks and parkways, riding and hiking trails, beaches and playgrounds, marinas, areas for skiing and other recreational facilities.

(5) A public services and facilities plan for the general location, scale and provision of public services and facilities, which, by the nature of their function, size, extent and other characteristics are necessary or appropriate for inclusion in the regional plan.

In formulating and maintaining the regional plan, the planning commission and governing body shall take account of and shall seek to harmonize the needs of the region as a whole, the plans of the counties and cities within the region, the plans and planning activities of the state, federal and other public agencies and nongovernmental agencies and organizations which affect or are concerned with planning and development within the region.

(d) The regional plan shall provide for attaining and maintaining federal, state, or local air and water quality standards, whichever are strictest, in the respective portions of the region for which the standards are applicable.

The agency may, however, adopt air or water quality standards or control measures more stringent than the applicable state implementation plan or the applicable federal, state, or local standards for the region, if it finds that such additional standards or control measures are necessary to achieve the purposes of this compact. Each element of the regional plan, where applicable, shall, by ordinance, identify the means and time schedule by which air and water quality standards will be attained.

(e) Except for the Regional Transportation Plan of the California Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, the regional plan, ordinances, rules and regulations adopted by the California Tahoe Regional Planning Agency in effect on July 1, 1980, shall be the regional plan, ordinances, rules and regulations of the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency for that portion of the Tahoe region located in the State of California. Such plan, ordinance, rule or regulation may be amended or repealed by the governing body of the agency. The plans, ordinances, rules and regulations of the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency that do not conflict with, or are not addressed by, the California Tahoe Regional Planning Agency’s plans, ordinances, rules and regulations referred to in this subdivision shall continue to be applicable unless amended or repealed by the governing body of the agency. No provision of the regional plan, ordinances, rules and regulations of the California Tahoe Regional Planning Agency referred to in this subdivision shall apply to that portion of the region within the State of Nevada, unless such provision is adopted for the Nevada portion of the region by the governing body of the agency.

(f) The regional plan, ordinances, rules and regulations of the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency apply to that portion of the region within the State of Nevada.

(g) The agency shall adopt ordinances prescribing specific written findings that the agency must make prior to approving any project in the region. These findings shall relate to environmental protection and shall insure that the project under review will not adversely affect implementation of the regional plan and will not cause the adopted environmental threshold carrying capacities of the region to be exceeded.

(h) The agency shall maintain the data, maps and other information developed in the course of formulating and administering the regional plan, in a form suitable to assure a consistent view of developmental trends and other relevant information for the availability of and use by other agencies of government and by private organizations and individuals concerned.

(i) Where necessary for the realization of the regional plan, the agency may engage in collaborative planning with local governmental jurisdictions located outside the region, but contiguous to its boundaries. In formulating and implementing the regional plan, the agency shall seek the cooperation and consider the recommendations of counties and cities and other agencies of local government, of state and federal agencies, of educational institutions and research organizations, whether public or private, and of civic groups and private persons.

ARTICLE VI. Agency’s Powers

(a) The governing body shall adopt all necessary ordinances, rules, and regulations to effectuate the adopted regional plan. Except as otherwise provided in this compact, every such ordinance, rule or regulation shall establish a minimum standard applicable throughout the region. Any political subdivision or public agency may adopt and enforce an equal or higher requirement applicable to the same subject of regulation in its territory. The regulations of the agency shall contain standards including but not limited to the following: water purity and clarity; subdivision; zoning; tree removal; solid waste disposal; sewage disposal; land fills, excavations, cuts and grading; piers, harbors, breakwaters or channels and other shoreline developments; waste disposal in shoreline areas; waste disposal from boats; mobile-home parks; house relocation; outdoor advertising; floodplain protection; soil and sedimentation control; air pollution; and watershed protection. Whenever possible without diminishing the effectiveness of the regional plan, the ordinances, rules, regulations and policies shall be confined to matters which are general and regional in application, leaving to the jurisdiction of the respective states, counties and cities the enactment of specific and local ordinances, rules, regulations and policies which conform to the regional plan.

The agency shall prescribe by ordinance those activities which it has determined will not have substantial effect on the land, water, air, space or any other natural resources in the region and therefore will be exempt from its review and approval.

Every ordinance adopted by the agency shall be published at least once by title in a newspaper or combination of newspapers whose circulation is general throughout the region. Except an ordinance adopting or amending the regional plan, no ordinance shall become effective until 60 days after its adoption. Immediately after its adoption, a copy of each ordinance shall be transmitted to the governing body of each political subdivision having territory within the region.

(b) No project other than those to be reviewed and approved under the special provisions of subdivisions (d), (e), (f) and (g) may be developed in the region without obtaining the review and approval of the agency and no project may be approved unless it is found to comply with the regional plan and with the ordinances, rules and regulations enacted pursuant to subdivision (a) to effectuate that plan.

The agency may approve a project in the region only after making the written findings required by this subdivision or subdivision (g) of Article V. Such findings shall be based on substantial evidence in the record.

Before adoption by the agency of the ordinances required in subdivision (g) of Article V, the agency may approve a project in the region only after making written findings on the basis of substantial evidence in the record that the project is consistent with the regional plan then in effect and with applicable plans, ordinances, regulations, and standards of federal and state agencies relating to the protection, maintenance and enhancement of environmental quality in the region.

(c) The legislatures of the states of California and Nevada find that in order to make effective the regional plan as revised by the agency, it is necessary to halt temporarily works of development in the region which might otherwise absorb the entire capability of the region for further development or direct it out of harmony with the ultimate plan. Subject to the limitation provided in this subdivision, from the effective date of the amendments to this compact until the regional plan is amended pursuant to subdivision (c) of Article V, or until May 1, 1983, whichever is earlier:

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, no new subdivision, planned unit development, or condominium project may be approved unless a complete tentative map or plan has been approved before the effective date of the amendments to this compact by all agencies having jurisdiction. The subdivision of land owned by a general improvement district, which existed and owned the land before the effective date of the amendments to this compact, may be approved if subdivision of the land is necessary to avoid insolvency of the district.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), no apartment building may be erected unless the required permits for such building have been secured from all agencies having jurisdiction, prior to the effective date of the amendments to this compact.

(3) During each of the calendar years 1980, 1981 and 1982, no city or county may issue building permits which authorize the construction of a greater number of new residential units within the region than were authorized within the region by building permits issued by that city or county during the calendar year 1978. For the period of January through April, 1983, building permits authorizing the construction of no more than one-third of that number may be issued by each such city or county. For purposes of this paragraph a “residential unit” means either a single family residence or an individual residential unit within a larger building, such as an apartment building, a duplex or a condominium.

The legislatures find the respective numbers of residential units authorized within the region during the calendar year 1978 to be as follows:

1. City of South Lake Tahoe and El Dorado County (combined)............ 252

2. Placer County................................................................................................ 278

3. Carson City.................................................................................................... -0-

4. Douglas County............................................................................................ 339

5. Washoe County............................................................................................ 739

(4) During each of the calendar years 1980, 1981 and 1982, no city or county may issue building permits which authorize construction of a greater square footage of new commercial buildings within the region than were authorized within the region by building permits for commercial purposes issued by that city or county during the calendar year 1978. For the period of January through April, 1983, building permits authorizing the construction of no more than one-third the amount of that square footage may be issued by each such city or county.

The legislatures find the respective square footages of commercial buildings authorized within the region during calendar year 1978 to be as follows:

1. City of South Lake Tahoe and El Dorado County (combined)............ 64,324

2. Placer County................................................................................................ 23,000

3. Carson City.................................................................................................... -0-

4. Douglas County............................................................................................ 57,354

5. Washoe County............................................................................................ 50,600

(5) No structure may be erected to house gaming under a nonrestricted license.

(6) No facility for the treatment of sewage may be constructed or enlarged except:

(A) To comply, as ordered by the appropriate state agency for the control of water pollution, with existing limitations of effluent under the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251 et seq., and the applicable state law for control of water pollution;

(B) To accommodate development which is not prohibited or limited by this subdivision; or

(C) In the case of Douglas County Lake Tahoe Sewer Authority, to modify or otherwise alter sewage treatment facilities existing on the effective date of the amendments to this compact so that such facilities will be able to treat the total volume of effluent for which they were originally designed, which is 3.0 million gallons per day. Such modification or alteration is not a “project”; is not subject to the requirements of Article VII; and does not require a permit from the agency. Before commencing such modification or alteration, however, the Authority shall submit to the agency its report identifying any significant soil erosion problems which may be caused by such modifications or alterations and the measures which the Authority proposes to take to mitigate or avoid such problems.

The moratorium imposed by this subdivision does not apply to work done pursuant to a right vested before the effective date of the amendments to this compact. Notwithstanding the expiration date of the moratorium imposed by this subdivision, no new highway may be built or existing highway widened to accommodate additional continuous lanes for automobiles until the regional transportation plan is revised and adopted.

The moratorium imposed by this subdivision does not apply to the construction of any parking garage which has been approved by the agency prior to May 4, 1979, whether that approval was affirmative or by default. The provisions of this paragraph are not an expression of legislative intent that any such parking garage, the approval of which is the subject of litigation which was pending on the effective date of the amendments to this compact, should or should not be constructed. The provisions of this paragraph are intended solely to permit construction of such a parking garage if a judgment sustaining the agency’s approval to construct that parking garage has become final and no appeal is pending or may lawfully be taken to a higher court.

(d) Subject to the final order of any court of competent jurisdiction entered in litigation contesting the validity of an approval by the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, whether that approval was affirmative or by default, if that litigation was pending on May 4, 1979, the agency and the states of California and Nevada shall recognize as a permitted and conforming use:

(1) Every structure housing gaming under a nonrestricted license which existed as a licensed gaming establishment on May 4, 1979, or whose construction was approved by the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency affirmatively or deemed approved before that date. The construction or use of any structure to house gaming under a nonrestricted license not so existing or approved, or the enlargement in cubic volume of any such existing or approved structure is prohibited.

(2) Every other nonrestricted gaming establishment whose use was seasonal and whose license was issued before May 4, 1979, for the same season and for the number and type of games and slot machines on which taxes or fees were paid in the calendar year 1978.

(3) Gaming conducted pursuant to a restricted gaming license issued before May 4, 1979, to the extent permitted by that license on that date.

Ê The area within any structure housing gaming under a nonrestricted license which may be open to public use (as distinct from that devoted to the private use of guests and exclusive of any parking area) is limited to the area existing or approved for public use on May 4, 1979. Within these limits, any external modification of the structure which requires a permit from a local government also requires approval from the agency. The agency shall not permit restaurants, convention facilities, showrooms or other public areas to be constructed elsewhere in the region outside the structure in order to replace areas existing or approved for public use on May 4, 1979.

(e) Any structure housing licensed gaming may be rebuilt or replaced to a size not to exceed the cubic volume, height and land coverage existing or approved on May 4, 1979, without the review or approval of the agency or any planning or regulatory authority of the State of Nevada whose review or approval would be required for a new structure.

(f) The following provisions apply to any internal or external modification, remodeling, change in use, or repair of a structure housing gaming under a nonrestricted license which is not prohibited by Article VI (d):

(1) The agency’s review of an external modification of the structure which requires a permit from a local government is limited to determining whether the external modification will do any of the following:

(A) Enlarge the cubic volume of the structure;

(B) Increase the total square footage of area open to or approved for public use on May 4, 1979;

(D) Increase the public area open to public use which is used for gaming beyond the limits contained in paragraph (3); and

(E) Conflict with or be subject to the provisions of any of the agency’s ordinances that are generally applicable throughout the region.

Ê The agency shall make this determination within 60 days after the proposal is delivered to the agency in compliance with the agency’s rules or regulations governing such delivery unless the applicant has agreed to an extension of this time limit. If an external modification is determined to have any of the effects enumerated in subparagraphs (A) through (C), it is prohibited. If an external modification is determined to have any of the effects enumerated in subparagraph (D) or (E), it is subject to the applicable provisions of this compact. If an external modification is determined to have no such effect, it is not subject to the provisions of this compact.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), internal modification, remodeling, change in use or repair of a structure housing gaming under a nonrestricted license is not a project and does not require the review or approval of the agency.

(3) Internal modification, remodeling, change in use or repair of areas open to public use within a structure housing gaming under a nonrestricted license which alone or in combination with any other such modification, remodeling, change in use or repair will increase the total portion of those areas which is actually used for gaming by more than the product of the total base area, as defined below, in square feet existing on or approved before August 4, 1980, multiplied by 15 percent constitutes a project and is subject to all of the provisions of this compact relating to projects. For purposes of this paragraph and the determination required by Article VI (g), base area means all of the area within a structure housing gaming under a nonrestricted license which may be open to public use, whether or not gaming is actually conducted or carried on in that area, except retail stores, convention centers and meeting rooms, administrative offices, kitchens, maintenance and storage areas, rest rooms, engineering and mechanical rooms, accounting rooms and counting rooms.

(g) In order to administer and enforce the provisions of paragraphs (d), (e) and (f) the State of Nevada, through its appropriate planning or regulatory agency, shall require the owner or licensee of a structure housing gaming under a nonrestricted license to provide:

(1) Documents containing sufficient information for the Nevada agency to establish the following relative to the structure:

(A) The location of its external walls;

(B) Its total cubic volume;

(C) Within its external walls, the area in square feet open or approved for public use and the area in square feet devoted to or approved for the private use of guests on May 4, 1979;

(D) The amount of surface area of land under the structure; and

(E) The base area as defined in paragraph (f)(3) in square feet existing on or approved before August 4, 1980.

(2) An informational report whenever any internal modification, remodeling, change in use, or repair will increase the total portion of the areas open to public use which is used for gaming.

The Nevada agency shall transmit this information to the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency.

(h) Gaming conducted pursuant to a restricted gaming license is exempt from review by the agency if it is incidental to the primary use of the premises.

(i) The provisions of subdivisions (d) and (e) are intended only to limit gaming and related activities as conducted within a gaming establishment, or construction designed to permit the enlargement of such activities, and not to limit any other use of property zoned for commercial use or the accommodation of tourists, as approved by the agency.

(j) Legal actions arising out of or alleging a violation of the provisions of this compact, of the regional plan or of an ordinance or regulation of the agency or of a permit or a condition of a permit issued by the agency are governed by the following provisions:

(1) This subdivision applies to:

(A) Actions arising out of activities directly undertaken by the agency.

(B) Actions arising out of the issuance to a person of a lease, permit, license or other entitlement for use by the agency.

Ê Such legal actions may be filed and the provisions of this subdivision apply equally in the appropriate courts of California and Nevada and of the United States.

(2) Venue lies:

(A) If a civil or criminal action challenges an activity by the agency or any person which is undertaken or to be undertaken upon a parcel of real property, in the state or federal judicial district where the real property is situated.

(B) If an action challenges an activity which does not involve a specific parcel of land (such as an action challenging an ordinance of the agency), in any state or federal court having jurisdiction within the region.

(3) Any aggrieved person may file an action in an appropriate court of the State of California or Nevada or of the United States alleging noncompliance with the provisions of this compact or with an ordinance or regulation of the agency. In the case of governmental agencies, “aggrieved person” means the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency or any state, federal or local agency. In the case of any person other than a governmental agency who challenges an action of the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, “aggrieved person” means any person who has appeared, either in person, through an authorized representative, or in writing, before the agency at an appropriate administrative hearing to register objection to the action which is being challenged, or who had good cause for not making such an appearance.

(4) A legal action arising out of the adoption or amendment of the regional plan or of any ordinance or regulation of the agency, or out of the granting or denial of any permit, shall be commenced within 60 days after final action by the agency. All other legal actions shall be commenced within 65 days after discovery of the cause of action.

(5) In any legal action filed pursuant to this subdivision which challenges an adjudicatory act or decision of the agency to approve or disapprove a project, the scope of judicial inquiry shall extend only to whether there was prejudicial abuse of discretion. Prejudicial abuse of discretion is established if the agency has not proceeded in a manner required by law or if the act or decision of the agency was not supported by substantial evidence in light of the whole record. In making such a determination the court shall not exercise its independent judgment on evidence but shall only determine whether the act or decision was supported by substantial evidence in light of the whole record. In any legal action filed pursuant to this subdivision which challenges a legislative act or decision of the agency (such as the adoption of the regional plan and the enactment of implementing ordinances), the scope of the judicial inquiry shall extend only to the questions of whether the act or decision has been arbitrary, capricious or lacking substantial evidentiary support or whether the agency has failed to proceed in a manner required by law.

(6) In addition to the provisions of paragraph (5) relating to judicial inquiry:

(A) When adopting or amending a regional plan, the agency shall act in accordance with the requirements of the compact and the implementing ordinances, rules and regulations, and a party challenging the regional plan has the burden of showing that the regional plan is not in conformance with those requirements.

(B) When taking an action or making a decision, the agency shall act in accordance with the requirements of the compact and the regional plan, including the implementing ordinances, rules and regulations, and a party challenging the action or decision has the burden of showing that the act or decision is not in conformance with those requirements.

(7) The provisions of this subdivision do not apply to any legal proceeding pending on the date when this subdivision becomes effective. Any such legal proceeding shall be conducted and concluded under the provisions of law which were applicable prior to the effective date of this subdivision.

(8) The security required for the issuance of a temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction based upon an alleged violation of this compact or any ordinance, plan, rule or regulation adopted pursuant thereto is governed by the rule or statute applicable to the court in which the action is brought, unless the action is brought by a public agency or political subdivision to enforce its own rules, regulations and ordinances in which case no security shall be required.

(k) The agency shall monitor activities in the region and may bring enforcement actions in the region to ensure compliance with the regional plan and adopted ordinances, rules, regulations and policies. If it is found that the regional plan, or ordinances, rules, regulations and policies are not being enforced by a local jurisdiction, the agency may bring action in a court of competent jurisdiction to ensure compliance.

(l) Any person who violates any provision of this compact or of any ordinance or regulation of the agency or of any condition of approval imposed by the agency is subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $5,000. Any such person is subject to an additional civil penalty not to exceed $5,000 per day, for each day on which such a violation persists. In imposing the penalties authorized by this subdivision, the court shall consider the nature of the violation and shall impose a greater penalty if it was willful or resulted from gross negligence than if it resulted from inadvertence or simple negligence.

(m) The agency is hereby empowered to initiate, negotiate and participate in contracts and agreements among the local governmental authorities of the region, or any other intergovernmental contracts or agreements authorized by state or federal law.

(n) Each intergovernmental contract or agreement shall provide for its own funding and staffing, but this shall not preclude financial contributions from the local authorities concerned or from supplementary sources.

(o) Every record of the agency, whether public or not, shall be open for examination to the Legislature and Controller of the State of California and the legislative auditor of the State of Nevada.

(p) Approval by the agency of any project expires 3 years after the date of final action by the agency or the effective date of the amendments to this compact, whichever is later, unless construction is begun within that time and diligently pursued thereafter, or the use or activity has commenced. In computing the 3-year period any period of time during which the project is the subject of a legal action which delays or renders impossible the diligent pursuit of that project shall not be counted. Any license, permit or certificate issued by the agency which has an expiration date shall be extended by that period of time during which the project is the subject of such legal action as provided in this subdivision.

(q) The governing body shall maintain a current list of real property known to be available for exchange with the United States or with other owners of real property in order to facilitate exchanges of real property by owners of real property in the region.

ARTICLE VII. Environmental Impact Statements

(a) The Tahoe Regional Planning Agency when acting upon matters that have a significant effect on the environment shall:

(1) Utilize a systematic, interdisciplinary approach which will insure the integrated use of the natural and social sciences and the environmental design arts in planning and in decision making which may have an impact on man’s environment;

(2) Prepare and consider a detailed environmental impact statement before deciding to approve or carry out any project. The detailed environmental impact statement shall include the following:

(A) The significant environmental impacts of the proposed project;

(B) Any significant adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the project be implemented;

(D) Mitigation measures which must be implemented to assure meeting standards of the region;

(E) The relationship between local short-term uses of man’s environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity;

(F) Any significant irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposed project should it be implemented; and

(G) The growth-inducing impact of the proposed project;

(3) Study, develop and describe appropriate alternatives to recommended courses of action for any project which involves unresolved conflicts concerning alternative uses of available resources;

(4) Make available to states, counties, municipalities, institutions and individuals, advice and information useful in restoring, maintaining and enhancing the quality of the region’s environment; and

(5) Initiate and utilize ecological information in the planning and development of resource-oriented projects.

(b) Prior to completing an environmental impact statement, the agency shall consult with and obtain the comments of any federal, state or local agency which has jurisdiction by law or special expertise with respect to any environmental impact involved. Copies of such statement and the comments and views of the appropriate federal, state and local agencies which are authorized to develop and enforce environmental standards shall be made available to the public and shall accompany the project through the review processes. The public shall be consulted during the environmental impact statement process and views shall be solicited during a public comment period not to be less than 60 days.

(c) Any environmental impact statement required pursuant to this article need not repeat in its entirety any information or data which is relevant to such a statement and is a matter of public record or is generally available to the public, such as information contained in an environmental impact report prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act or a federal environmental impact statement prepared pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. However, such information or data shall be briefly described in the environmental impact statement and its relationship to the environmental impact statement shall be indicated.

In addition, any person may submit information relative to a proposed project which may be included, in whole or in part, in any environmental impact statement required by this article.

(d) In addition to the written findings specified by agency ordinance to implement the regional plan, the agency shall make either of the following written findings before approving a project for which an environmental impact statement was prepared:

(1) Changes or alterations have been required in or incorporated into such project which avoid or reduce the significant adverse environmental effects to a less than significant level; or

(2) Specific considerations, such as economic, social or technical, make infeasible the mitigation measures or project alternatives discussed in the environmental impact statement on the project.

Ê A separate written finding shall be made for each significant effect identified in the environmental impact statement on the project. All written findings must be supported by substantial evidence in the record.

(e) The agency may charge and collect a reasonable fee from any person proposing a project subject to the provisions of this compact in order to recover the estimated costs incurred by the agency in preparing an environmental impact statement under this article.

(f) The agency shall adopt by ordinance a list of classes of projects which the agency has determined will not have a significant effect on the environment and therefore will be exempt from the requirement for the preparation of an environmental impact statement under this article. Prior to adopting the list, the agency shall make a written finding supported by substantial evidence in the record that each class of projects will not have a significant effect on the environment.

ARTICLE VIII. Finances

(a) On or before September 30 of each calendar year the agency shall establish the amount of money necessary to support its activities for the next succeeding fiscal year commencing July 1 of the following year. The agency shall apportion $75,000 of this amount among the counties within the region on the same ratio to the total sum required as the full cash valuation of taxable property within the region in each county bears to the total full cash valuation of taxable property within the region. In addition, each county within the region in California shall pay $18,750 to the agency and each county within the region in Nevada, including Carson City, shall pay $12,500 to the agency, from any funds available therefor. The State of California and the State of Nevada may pay to the agency by July 1 of each year any additional sums necessary to support the operations of the agency pursuant to this compact. If additional funds are required, the agency shall make a request for the funds to the states of California and Nevada. Requests for state funds must be apportioned two-thirds from California and one-third from Nevada. Money appropriated shall be paid within 30 days.

(b) The agency may fix and collect reasonable fees for any services rendered by it.

(c) The agency shall submit an itemized budget to the states for review with any request for state funds, shall be strictly accountable to any county in the region and the states for all funds paid by them to the agency and shall be strictly accountable to all participating bodies for all receipts and disbursement.

(d) The agency is authorized to receive gifts, donations, subventions, grants, and other financial aids and funds; but the agency may not own land except as provided in subdivision (i) of Article III.

(e) The agency shall not obligate itself beyond the moneys due under this article for its support from the several counties and the states for the current fiscal year, plus any moneys on hand or irrevocably pledged to its support from other sources. No obligation contracted by the agency shall bind either of the party states or any political subdivision thereof.

ARTICLE IX. Transportation District

(a) The Tahoe transportation district is hereby established as a special purpose district. The boundaries of the district are coterminous with those of the region.

(b) The business of the district shall be managed by a board of directors consisting of:

(1) One member of the county board of supervisors of each of the counties of El Dorado and Placer who must be appointed by his respective board of supervisors;

(2) One member of the city council of the City of South Lake Tahoe who must be appointed by the city council;

(3) One member each of the board of county commissioners of Douglas County and of Washoe County who must be appointed by his respective board of county commissioners;

(4) One member of the board of supervisors of Carson City who must be appointed by the board of supervisors;

(5) One member of the South Shore Transportation Management Association or its successor organization who must be appointed by the association or its successor organization;

(6) One member of the North Shore Transportation Management Association or its successor organization who must be appointed by the association or its successor organization;

(7) One member of each local transportation district in the region that is authorized by the State of Nevada or the State of California who must be appointed by his respective transportation district;

(8) One member appointed by a majority of the other voting directors who represents a public or private transportation system operating in the region;

(9) The director of the California Department of Transportation; and

(10) The director of the department of transportation of the State of Nevada.

Ê Any entity that appoints a member to the board of directors, the director of the California Department of Transportation or the director of the department of transportation of the State of Nevada may designate an alternate.

(c) Before a local transportation district appoints a member to the board of directors pursuant to paragraph (7) of subdivision (b), the local transportation district must enter into a written agreement with the Tahoe transportation district that sets forth the responsibilities of the districts for the establishment of policies and the management of financial matters, including, but not limited to, the distribution of revenue among the districts.

(d) The directors of the California Department of Transportation and the department of transportation of the State of Nevada, or their designated alternates, serve as nonvoting directors, but shall provide technical and professional advice to the district as necessary and appropriate.

(e) The vote of a majority of the directors must agree to take action. If a majority of votes in favor of an action are not cast, an action of rejection shall be deemed to have been taken.

(f) The Tahoe transportation district may by resolution establish procedures for the adoption of its budgets, the appropriation of its money and the carrying on of its other financial activities. These procedures must conform insofar as is practicable to the procedures for financial administration of the State of California or the State of Nevada or one or more of the local governments in the region.

(g) The Tahoe transportation district may in accordance with the adopted transportation plan:

(1) Own and operate a public transportation system to the exclusion of all other publicly owned transportation systems in the region.

(2) Own and operate support facilities for public and private systems of transportation, including, but not limited to, parking lots, terminals, facilities for maintenance, devices for the collection of revenue and other related equipment.

(3) Acquire or agree to operate upon mutually agreeable terms any publicly or privately owned transportation system or facility within the region.

(4) Hire the employees of existing public transportation systems that are acquired by the district without loss of benefits to the employees, bargain collectively with employee organizations, and extend pension and other collateral benefits to employees.

(5) Contract with private companies to provide supplementary transportation or provide any of the services needed in operating a system of transportation for the region.

(6) Contract with local governments in the region to operate transportation facilities or provide any of the services necessary to operate a system of transportation for the region.

(7) Fix the rates and charges for transportation services provided pursuant to this subdivision.

(8) Issue revenue bonds and other evidence of indebtedness and make other financial arrangements appropriate for developing and operating a public transportation system.

(9) By resolution, determine and propose for adoption a tax for the purpose of obtaining services of the district. The tax proposed must be general and of uniform operation throughout the region, and may not be graduated in any way, except for a sales and use tax. If a sales and use tax is approved by the voters as provided in this paragraph, it may be administered by the states of California and Nevada respectively in accordance with the laws that apply within their respective jurisdictions and must not exceed a rate of 1 percent of the gross receipts from the sale of tangible personal property sold in the district. The district is prohibited from imposing any other tax measured by gross or net receipts on business, an ad valorem tax, a tax or charge that is assessed against people or vehicles as they enter or leave the region, and any tax, direct or indirect, on gaming tables and devices. Any such proposition must be submitted to the voters of the district and shall become effective upon approval of the voters voting on the proposition who reside in the State of California in accordance with the laws that apply within that state and approval of the voters voting on the proposition who reside in the State of Nevada in accordance with the laws that apply within that state. The revenues from any such tax must be used for the service for which it was imposed, and for no other purpose.

(10) Provide service from inside the region to convenient airport, railroad and interstate bus terminals without regard to the boundaries of the region.

(h) The legislatures of the states of California and Nevada may, by substantively identical enactments, amend this article.

ARTICLE X. Miscellaneous

(a) It is intended that the provisions of this compact shall be reasonably and liberally construed to effectuate the purposes thereof. Except as provided in subdivision (c), the provisions of this compact shall be severable and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this compact is declared to be contrary to the constitution of any participating state or of the United States or the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this compact and the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. If this compact shall be held contrary to the constitution of any state participating therein, the compact shall remain in full force and effect as to the remaining state and in full force and effect as to the state affected as to all severable matters.

(b) The agency shall have such additional powers and duties as may hereafter be delegated or imposed upon it from time to time by the action of the Legislature of either state concurred in by the Legislature of the other.

(c) A state party to this compact may withdraw therefrom by enacting a statute repealing the compact. Notice of withdrawal shall be communicated officially and in writing to the Governor of the other state and to the agency administrators. This provision is not severable, and if it is held to be unconstitutional or invalid, no other provision of this compact shall be binding upon the State of Nevada or the State of California.

(d) No provision of this compact shall have any effect upon the allocation, distribution or storage of interstate waters or upon any appropriative water right.

Tahoe Regional Planning Compact

ARTICLE I. Findings and Declarations of Policy

(a) It is found and declared that:

(1) The waters of Lake Tahoe and other resources of the region are threatened with deterioration or degeneration, which endangers the natural beauty and economic productivity of the region.

(2) The public and private interests and investments in the region are substantial.

(3) The region exhibits unique environmental and ecological values which are irreplaceable.

(5) Increasing urbanization is threatening the ecological values of the region and threatening the public opportunities for use of the public lands.

(7) There is a public interest in protecting, preserving and enhancing these values for the residents of the region and for visitors to the region.

(c) The Tahoe Regional Planning Agency shall interpret and administer its plans, ordinances, rules and regulations in accordance with the provisions of this compact.

ARTICLE II. Definitions

As used in this compact:

(b) “Agency” means the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency.

(d) “Regional plan” means the long-term general plan for the development of the region.

(e) “Planning commission” means the advisory planning commission appointed pursuant to subdivision (h) of Article III.

(g) “Restricted gaming license” means a license to operate not more than 15 slot machines on which a quarterly fee is charged pursuant to NRS 463.373 and no other games.

(j) “Feasible” means capable of being accomplished in a successful manner within a reasonable period of time, taking into account economic, environmental, social and technological factors.

(k) “Areas open to public use” means all of the areas within a structure housing gaming under a nonrestricted license except areas devoted to the private use of guests.

(m) “Nonrestricted license” means a gaming license which is not a restricted gaming license.

ARTICLE III. Organization

(a) There is created the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency as a separate legal entity.

The governing body of the agency shall be constituted as follows:

(1) California delegation:

(2) Nevada delegation:

(4) The position of any member of the governing body shall be deemed vacant if such a member is absent from three consecutive meetings of the governing body in any calendar year.

(A) Any business entity operating in the region in which the member or employee has a direct or indirect investment worth more than $1,000;

(B) Any real property located in the region in which the member or employee has a direct or indirect interest worth more than $1,000;

(D) Any business entity operating in the region in which the member or employee is a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or holds any position of management.

(g) Four of the members of the governing body from each state constitute a quorum for the transaction of the business of the agency. The voting procedures shall be as follows:

The term of office of each lay member of the advisory planning commission shall be 2 years. Members may be reappointed.

ARTICLE IV. Personnel

ARTICLE V. Planning

If a request is made for the amendment of the regional plan by:

(1) A political subdivision a part of whose territory would be affected by such amendment; or

(2) The owner or lessee of real property which would be affected by such amendment,

(c) Within 1 year after the adoption of the environmental threshold carrying capacities for the region, the agency shall amend the regional plan so that, at a minimum, the plan and all of its elements, as implemented through agency ordinances, rules and regulations, achieves and maintains the adopted environmental threshold carrying capacities. Each element of the plan shall contain implementation provisions and time schedules for such implementation by ordinance. The planning commission and governing body shall continuously review and maintain the regional plan and, in so doing, shall ensure that the regional plan reflects changing economic conditions and the economic effect of regulation on commerce. The regional plan shall consist of a diagram, or diagrams, and text, or texts setting forth the projects and proposals for implementation of the regional plan, a description of the needs and goals of the region and a statement of the policies, standards and elements of the regional plan.