THE ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTH DAY
Carson City (Monday), May 17, 1999
Assembly called to order at 11:12 a.m.
Mr. Speaker presiding.
Roll called.
All present except Assemblymen Evans and Williams, who were excused.
Prayer by the Chaplain, Reverend Paul J. McCollum.
When the day of Pentecost came, they were all together in one place. Suddenly, a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came and filled the whole house.
Come, Spirit, Comforter and Consoler.
Heal the wounded. Soothe the anxious.
Be a consolation for all who grieve and ache.
Come, Spirit of wisdom and insight.
Draw us toward your goodness and light.
Direct our growth and guide our ways.
Come, Spirit, source of our Peace.
Deepen in us the action of peacemakers.
Heal the divisions that ravage the earth.
We pray for the Spirit of God
In the name of God; Creator of all,
In the name of Allah,
In the name of Yahweh,
And in the name of Buddha. Amen.
Pledge of allegiance to the Flag.
Assemblyman Perkins moved that further reading of the Journal be dispensed with, and the Speaker and Chief Clerk be authorized to make the necessary corrections and additions.
Motion carried.
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
Mr. Speaker:
Your Committee on Judiciary, to which were referred Senate Bills Nos. 152, 481, has had the same under consideration, and begs leave to report the same back with the recommendation: Amend, and do pass as amended.
Bernard Anderson, Chairman
Mr. Speaker:
Your Committee on Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Mining, to which was referred Senate Joint Resolution No. 3, has had the same under consideration, and begs leave to report the same back with the recommendation: Do pass.
Marcia de Braga, Chairman
Mr. Speaker:
Your Committee on Taxation, to which was referred Senate Bill No. 244, has had the same under consideration, and begs leave to report the same back with the recommendation: Amend, and do pass as amended.
David E. Goldwater, Chairman
Mr. Speaker:
Your Committee on Transportation, to which were referred Senate Bills Nos. 168, 235, 300, has had the same under consideration, and begs leave to report the same back with the recommendation: Do pass.
Also, your Committee on Transportation, to which were referred Senate Bills Nos. 154, 381, has had the same under consideration, and begs leave to report the same back with the recommendation: Amend, and do pass as amended.
Vonne S. Chowning, Chairman
Mr. Speaker:
Your Committee on Ways and Means, to which was referred Assembly Bill No. 663, has had the same under consideration, and begs leave to report the same back with the recommendation: Amend, and do pass as amended.
Morse Arberry Jr., Chairman
MESSAGES FROM THE Senate
Senate Chamber, Carson City, May 14, 1999
To the Honorable the Assembly:
I have the honor to inform your honorable body that the Senate amended, and on this day adopted, as amended, Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 25, Amendment No. 834, and respectfully requests your honorable body to concur in said amendment.
Mary Jo Mongelli
Assistant Secretary of the Senate
Senate Chamber, Carson City, May 15, 1999
To the Honorable the Assembly:
I have the honor to inform your honorable body that the Senate on this day passed Assembly Bills Nos. 173, 483, 535, 574, 576, 650; Assembly Joint Resolutions Nos. 20, 21.
Also, I have the honor to inform your honorable body that the Senate amended, and on this day passed, as amended, Assembly Bill No. 3, Amendment No. 819, and respectfully requests your honorable body to concur in said amendment.
Also, I have the honor to inform your honorable body that the Senate on this day adopted Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 16.
Also, I have the honor to inform your honorable body that the Senate on this day concurred in the Assembly Amendment No. 800 to Senate Bill No. 197; Assembly Amendment No. 768 to Senate Bill No. 297.
Mary Jo Mongelli
Assistant Secretary of the Senate
MOTIONS, RESOLUTIONS AND NOTICES
By Assemblymen Beers, Anderson, Angle, Arberry, Bache, Berman, Brower, Buckley, Carpenter, Cegavske, Chowning, Claborn, Collins, de Braga, Dini, Evans, Freeman, Gibbons, Giunchigliani, Goldwater, Gustavson, Hettrick, Humke, Koivisto, Lee, Leslie, Manendo, Marvel, McClain, Mortenson, Neighbors, Nolan, Ohrenschall, Parks, Parnell, Perkins, Price, Segerblom, Thomas, Tiffany, Von Tobel and Williams:
Assembly Resolution No. 8—Congratulating Patrick Hummel, a ninth grader at The Meadows School in Las Vegas, for winning the 1999 National High School Championship of the United States Chess Federation.
Whereas, With over 80,000 members, the United States Chess Federation is the official sanctioning body for tournament chess in the United States and for United States participation in international chess events; and
Whereas, At 12 years of age, and after only 32 months of playing chess, Patrick Hummel attained the coveted chess title of United States Chess Federation Master, an accomplishment achieved for the first time by anyone that age in the history of chess in America and rarely equaled in the world history of the game; and
Whereas, Patrick Hummel won three straight National Grade School Chess Championships in the sixth, seventh and eighth grades and the 1997 National High School Action Chess Championship; and
Whereas, Patrick Hummel scored 6 1/2 out of a possible 7 points and finished first in a championship field of 340 players to win the prestigious 1999 National High School Championship co-sponsored by the United States Chess Federation held April 9 through April 11 in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, a feat even more noteworthy as he is one of only three persons ever to win this tournament at the age of 14 years; and
Whereas, The weekend following the tournament in South Dakota, Patrick won the Nevada Scholastic Chess Championship in Reno which was sponsored by Nevada Chess, Inc., the Nevada affiliate of the United States Chess Federation, and as a result of this win, he will represent Nevada at the Denker Tournament of High School Champions, hosted by Nevada for the first time and scheduled to be held this August at the Sands Regency Hotel Casino in Reno; and
Whereas, Winning the Nevada championship gained Patrick Hummel enough rating points to earn him the title of Senior Master, the highest title awarded by the United States Chess Federation, and by this achievement Patrick became the second youngest Senior Master in the country; and
Whereas, Patrick Hummel is a freshman at The Meadows School in Las Vegas where he is a straight A honors student who has also distinguished himself in the field of mathematics by becoming the MATHCOUNTS 1997 Southern Nevada Champion, the 1998 Nevada Champion and a National Finalist at the 1998 competition in Washington, D.C., and has also completed the American High School Mathematics Examination which qualifies him to compete in the 17th Annual American Invitational Mathematics Examination; and
Whereas, Patrick Hummel balances his life with a wide range of activities, including swimming on The Meadows swim team, working out at the gym, playing the trumpet and studying Mandarin Chinese; and
Whereas, Patrick’s parents, Paul and Carla Hummel, and the students and faculty of The Meadows School are very proud of this outstanding chess Master and multi-talented young man; now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the Assembly of the State of Nevada, That the members of the Assembly of the 70th session of the Nevada Legislature congratulate Patrick Hummel on his achievements in the game of chess, especially his most recent winning of the 1999 National High School Championship; and be it further
Resolved, That this body hereby urges the residents of the State of Nevada to recognize Patrick Hummel as a model of what can be accomplished when a person of any age pursues a goal with determination and dedication; and be it further
Resolved, That the Chief Clerk of the Assembly prepare and transmit a copy of this resolution to Patrick Hummel.
Assemblyman Beers moved the adoption of the resolution.
Remarks by Assemblyman Beers.
Resolution adopted unanimously.
INTRODUCTION, FIRST READING AND REFERENCE
By the Committee on Ways and Means:
Assembly Bill No. 687—AN ACT relating to prisons; authorizing the director of the department of prisons to allow the transfer of funds from the offenders’ store fund to compensate a center for the purpose of making restitution for certain costs incurred by the center under certain circumstances; and providing other matters properly relating thereto.
Assemblyman Arberry moved that the bill be referred to the Committee on Ways and Means.
Motion carried.
SECOND READING AND AMENDMENT
Senate Bill No. 194.
Bill read second time.
The following amendment was proposed by the Committee on Government Affairs:
Amendment No. 921.
Amend sec. 2, page
3, line 30, by deleting “[10] 15”
and inserting “10”.
Amend sec. 3, page
4, line 15, by deleting “[10] 15”
and inserting “10”.
Amend the title of the bill to read as follows:
“AN ACT relating to local financial administration; extending the use of a fund to stabilize the operation of a local government to include mitigation of the effects of a natural disaster; and providing other matters properly relating thereto.”.
Amend the summary of the bill to read as follows:
“SUMMARY—Extends use of fund to stabilize operation of local government. (BDR 31‑83).”.
Assemblyman Bache moved the adoption of the amendment.
Remarks by Assemblyman Bache.
Amendment adopted.
Bill ordered reprinted, re-engrossed and to third reading.
Senate Bill No. 437.
Bill read second time and ordered to third reading.
Senate Bill No. 439.
Bill read second time.
The following amendment was proposed by Assemblyman Goldwater:
Amendment No. 1016.
Amend the bill as a whole by deleting sec. 17 and the text of the repealed section and renumbering sec. 18 as sec. 17.
Amend sec. 18, page 20, line 19, by deleting “17,” and inserting “16,”.
Amend the title of the bill, eighth line, by deleting:
“repealing certain prohibited acts;”.
Assemblyman Goldwater moved the adoption of the amendment.
Remarks by Assemblymen Goldwater, Beers and Humke.
Amendment lost.
Bill ordered to third reading.
MOTIONS, RESOLUTIONS AND NOTICES
Assemblyman Perkins moved that the reading of the history of Senate Bills on General File be dispensed with for this legislative day.
Motion carried.
general file and third reading
Assembly Bill No. 350.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Bache.
Roll call on Assembly Bill No. 350:
Yeas—40.
Nays—None.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Assembly Bill No. 350 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed, as amended.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 32.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblymen Anderson and Lee.
Potential conflict of interest declared by Assemblymen Lee and Collins.
Assemblyman Anderson requested that his remarks be entered in the Journal.
Thank you, Mr. Speaker. This is a relatively long statement for a very important bill. Senate Bill 32 makes various changes to provisions governing recovery of losses resulting from certain construction defects to residential real property. The bill provides that in a complex case, a claimant may commence an action in district court at the same time and in the same manner the service of the summons complaint is made. A claimant must serve the contractor with a written notice, specifying in reasonable detail, for each resident or aperture or unit in a multi-unit residency, the defect and damages that form the basis of the lawsuit. The bill also requires notice to be accompanied by a written opinion of the expert, documenting the existence and extent of each defect. The opinion may be based upon valid and reliable representation, sampling of residences and apertures, or multi-unit complexes, as applicable. The measure also requires the contractors to file an answer to the complaint and within 30 days of serving the answer, the contractor, the claimant or their representatives must meet and confer to establish three basic ideas: First, a schedule for the exchange of reports and other information; second, a schedule for the contractor and other parties to independently inspect the subject property; and third, a schedule for the test necessary to determine the nature, cause and effect of any defect or repair needed to remedy them.
Further, a schedule is required for adding additional parties and whether to schedule mediation for that and whether or not to seek the appointment of a special master. Additionally, SB 32 requires a second conference within 60 days after the deadline for filing all third party civil actions. This second conference is to allow all parties to meet and confer on the topic discussed in the first conference. Further, the bill requires a claimant to delineate and pursue the claim under the homeowner’s warranty if it covers the affected residence or apertures. The bill also requires the parties to exchange the claims within specific time frames.
SB 32 requires certain limits to discovery in civil action or moreover, any applicable statutes of limitations in a non-complex case is under the 30 days after mediation is completed or waived. The measure also provides that a contractor who receives notice of a defect on an individual residence in a non-complex manner within one year of close of escrow, shall make the repairs within 45 days, if reasonably possible. However, the parties may agree to extend that time. Moreover, the bill prohibits filing a civil action against the developer or planned community for defects in an aperture to the extent the contract was performed by a licensed general contractor, unless the claimant has not made full recovery under the contractor, or the developer fails to provide the claimant with the name, address, telephone number of each contractor hired.
Mr. Speaker, if you like, I would be happy to provide each member with a copy of this extensive floor statement. I think it would be appropriate, given the seriousness of this piece of legislation.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 32:
Yeas—39.
Nays—Angle.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 32 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed, as amended.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 49.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Collins.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 49:
Yeas—40.
Nays—None.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 49 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 97.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblywoman Berman.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 97:
Yeas—40.
Nays—None.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 97 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed, as amended.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 182.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Bache.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 182:
Yeas—39.
Nays—Berman.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 182 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 190.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblywoman Giunchigliani.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 190:
Yeas—40.
Nays—None.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 190 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 284.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Beers.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 284:
Yeas—40.
Nays—None.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 284 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 287.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Goldwater.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 287:
Yeas—32.
Nays—Anderson, Angle, Buckley, Cegavske, Claborn, Gibbons, Gustavson, Mortenson—8.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 287 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed, as amended.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 341.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Lee.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 341:
Yeas—40.
Nays—None.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 341 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed, as amended.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 349.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Goldwater.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 349:
Yeas—39.
Nays—Angle.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 349 having received a two-thirds majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 383.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Goldwater.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 383:
Yeas—37.
Nays—Carpenter, Dini, Parnell—3.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 383 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 419.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Parks.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 419:
Yeas—40.
Nays—None.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 419 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 421.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblymen Manendo, Ohrenschall and Buckley.
Conflict of interest declared by Assemblywoman Ohrenschall.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 421:
Yeas—34.
Nays—Angle, Dini, Freeman, Gibbons, Mortenson—5.
Not Voting—Ohrenschall.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 421 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed, as amended.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 424.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Goldwater.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 424:
Yeas—40.
Nays—None.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 424 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 440.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Bache.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 440:
Yeas—36.
Nays—Angle, Carpenter, Gustavson—3.
Not Voting—Mortenson.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 440 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 451.
Bill read third time.
The following amendment was proposed by the Committee on Judiciary:
Amendment No. 946.
Amend sec. 27, page 20, line 37, after “prejudice” by inserting:
“for that reason”.
Assemblyman Anderson moved the adoption of the amendment.
Remarks by Assemblyman Anderson.
Amendment adopted.
Assemblyman Anderson moved that upon return from the printer Assembly Bill No. 451 be placed on the Chief Clerk’s desk.
Motion carried.
Bill ordered reprinted, re-engrossed and to the Chief Clerk’s desk.
Senate Bill No. 455.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Goldwater.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 455:
Yeas—40.
Nays—None.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 455 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 519.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblywoman Koivisto.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 519:
Yeas—38.
Nays—Angle, Gustavson—2.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 519 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed, as amended.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 522.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Goldwater.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 522:
Yeas—40.
Nays—None.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 522 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
Senate Bill No. 523.
Bill read third time.
Remarks by Assemblyman Neighbors.
Roll call on Senate Bill No. 523:
Yeas—37.
Nays—Angle, Gibbons, Goldwater—3.
Excused—Evans, Williams—2.
Senate Bill No. 523 having received a constitutional majority, Mr. Speaker declared it passed.
Bill ordered transmitted to the Senate.
UNFINISHED BUSINESS
Consideration of Senate Amendments
Assembly Bill No. 110.
The following Senate amendment was read:
Amendment No. 811.
Amend section 1, page 1, line 5, by deleting “transportation” and inserting “on-site movement”.
Assemblywoman Buckley moved that the Assembly concur in the Senate amendment to Assembly Bill No. 110.
Remarks by Assemblywoman Buckley.
Motion carried.
Bill ordered enrolled.
Assembly Bill No. 603.
The following Senate amendment was read:
Amendment No. 894.
Amend section 1, page 2, by deleting line 5 and inserting:
“(a) Sent by mail or, if requested by a party to whom notice must be provided pursuant to this paragraph, by electronic means if receipt of such an electronic notice can be verified, to:”.
Amend sec. 4, page 4, line 39, by deleting “by mail”.
Amend sec. 4, page 5, by deleting line 5 and inserting:
“The notice must be sent by mail or, if requested by a party to whom notice must be provided pursuant to paragraphs (a) to (d), inclusive, by electronic means if receipt of such an electronic notice can be verified, and be written in language which is easy to understand. The notice must”.
Amend sec. 4, page 5, line 11, by deleting “by mail”.
Amend sec. 4, page 5, by deleting line 13 and inserting:
“nearest to the property in question. The notice must be sent by mail or, if requested by an owner to whom notice must be provided, by electronic means if receipt of such an electronic notice can be verified, and be written in language”.
Amend sec. 4, page 5, line 14, by deleting “It” and inserting “The notice”.
Amend sec. 4, page 5, line 24, by deleting “mailing” and inserting “sending”.
Amend sec. 5, page 6, by deleting lines 7 through 9 and inserting:
“Sec. 5. 1. This section becomes effective upon passage and approval.
2. For the purpose of adopting the local ordinances required by section 1 of this act, sections 1 to 4, inclusive, of this act become effective upon passage and approval. For all other purposes:
(a) Sections 1, 2 and 3 of this act become effective on October 1, 1999.
(b) Section 4 of this act becomes effective at 12:01 a.m. on October 1, 1999.”.
Assemblywoman Buckley moved that the Assembly concur in the Senate amendment to Assembly Bill No. 603.
Remarks by Assemblywoman Buckley.
Motion carried.
Bill ordered enrolled.
Assembly Bill No. 616.
The following Senate amendment was read:
Amendment No. 817.
Amend section 1, page 2, by deleting lines 17 through 20 and inserting:
“4. For the purposes of this section, in accordance with the provisions of NRS 47.230, it may be reasonably inferred that a person intends to sell goods, wares, merchandise, a mixture, a preparation or a compound if the person knowingly possesses at least 26 salable units of the goods, wares, merchandise, mixture, preparation or compound.”.
Amend the title of the bill, second line, after “design;” by inserting:
“establishing a rebuttable inference regarding the existence of the intent to sell certain items;”.
Assemblywoman Buckley moved that the Assembly concur in the Senate amendment to Assembly Bill No. 616.
Remarks by Assemblywoman Buckley.
Motion carried.
Bill ordered enrolled.
Signing of Bills and Resolutions
There being no objections, the Speaker and Chief Clerk signed Assembly Bills Nos. 74, 101, 136, 188, 202, 207, 211, 234, 236, 265, 270, 284, 303, 314, 410, 439, 459, 462, 509, 553, 554, 584, 588, 601, 606, 620, 639, 667, 678; Assembly Joint Resolution No. 2; Assembly Concurrent Resolutions Nos. 3, 37; Assembly Resolution No. 7; Senate Bills Nos. 46, 53, 73, 81, 105, 106, 108, 118, 129, 163, 179, 197, 216, 297, 303, 304, 318, 330, 343, 371, 377, 389, 492, 501, 526, 528, 534, 535, 538; Senate Joint Resolution No. 7.
REMARKS FROM THE FLOOR
Assemblyman Price requested that the following remarks be entered in the Journal.
Assemblyman Manendo:
Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I had the opportunity to attend UNR’s 109th Commencement. Actually, two of the members of our legislative family were graduates. Kelly Suzanne Gregory, from the College of Arts and Sciences—she is a Political Science major—and Julie Elizabeth Whitacre, from the School of Journalism, graduated yesterday. I had a lot of fun watching them. I just wanted to let this body know that we are really proud of them and if they are listening out there on the World Wide Web—congratulations. Ms. Whitacre is in Washington, D.C., now. Kelly Gregory is upstairs, in my colleague’s, from southern Nevada, office. We just wanted to let them know we are proud of them. Thank you, Mr. Speaker.
Assemblywoman Von Tobel:
Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I wanted to say congratulations to all the students from UNLV that graduated, including my stepdaughter Janci Foster. She graduated from the College of Health Sciences and is working at UMC. So, congratulations to all the UNLV grads.
GUESTS EXTENDED PRIVILEGE OF ASSEMBLY FLOOR
On request of Assemblywoman Angle, the privilege of the floor of the Assembly Chamber for this day was extended to students from Billinghurst Jr. High School.
On request of Assemblyman Beers, the privilege of the floor of the Assembly Chamber for this day was extended to Christina Hummel, Patrick Hummel and Carla Hummel.
On request of Assemblywoman Segerblom, the privilege of the floor of the Assembly Chamber for this day was extended to Barbara Adams and Paul Adams.
Assemblyman Perkins moved that the Assembly adjourn until Tuesday, May 18, 1999, at 11:00 a.m. and that it do so in memory of Vivian Shirley McClay.
Motion carried.
Assembly adjourned at 12:34 p.m.
Approved: Joseph E. Dini, Jr.
Attest: Jacqueline Sneddon