MINUTES OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Sixty-eighth Session June 2, 1995 The Senate Committee on Finance was called to order by Chairman William J. Raggio, at 8:35 a.m., on Friday, June 2, 1995, in Room 223 of the Legislative Building, Carson City, Nevada. Exhibit A is the Agenda. Exhibit B is the Attendance Roster. COMMITTEE MEMBERS PRESENT: Senator William J. Raggio, Chairman Senator Raymond D. Rawson, Vice Chairman Senator Lawrence E. Jacobsen Senator Bob Coffin Senator William R. O'Donnell Senator Dean A. Rhoads Senator Bernice Mathews STAFF MEMBERS PRESENT: Dan Miles, Fiscal Analyst Bob Guernsey, Principal Deputy Fiscal Analyst Jeanne L. Botts, Program Analyst Pamela Jochim, Committee Secretary OTHERS PRESENT: John P. Comeaux, Director, Department of Administration Renee Diamond, Administrator, Manufactured Housing Division, Department of Business and Industry Mary L. Peterson, Superintendent of Public Instruction, State Department of Education Senator Raggio opened the hearing on Assembly Bill (A.B.) 316. ASSEMBLY BILL 316: Increases maximum amount of annual fee which may be imposed on each lot in mobile home park. Renee Diamond, Administrator, Manufactured Housing Division, Department of Business and Industry, came forward and testified the bill increases the maximum annual assessment fee from $3 to $5 on owners of mobile home parks for each lot within their park. The additional fees will be used to investigate, mediate, and resolve, disputes between mobile home park landlords and tenants. She indicated, when the bill was discussed in the Assembly Committee on Ways and Means, a member of the mobile home park owners' association testified the association supports the proposed fee increase. The $2 increase will provide approximately $60,000 in additional funding which will eliminate the need to transfer funds from another budget within the division. She advised the committee the increase is already included in the Executive Budget. Senator Mathews expressed concern the proposed rate increase will be passed on to the park tenants. Ms. Diamond understands the increase might be charged to tenants, but the increased funding supports the personnel who investigate complaints and resolve landlord-tenant problems. Senator Mathews indicated she receives numerous complaints from citizens indicating their grievances with park owners are not being handled promptly. Ms. Diamond asked Senator Mathews to forward the complaints to her office. Senator Raggio closed the hearing on A.B. 316 and opened the hearing on the Distributive School Fund budget. Distributive School Fund - Page 171 Jeanne L. Botts, Program Analyst, Fiscal Analysis Division, Legislative Counsel Bureau, distributed two handouts (Exhibit C, Adjustment to K-12 Funding; Exhibit D, Budget Closing Action Packet) to the committee for review. Senator Raggio noted the Joint Subcommittee on Human Resources/K-12 devoted a great deal of time reviewing the budget and indicated there will be a $26,334,068 reversion to the General Fund over the next biennium which will be a onetime adjustment to the K-12 funding. The chairman asked Ms. Botts to highlight the adjustments outlined in Exhibits C and D. Ms. Botts stated Exhibit C and Exhibit D summarize the modifications made to the K- 12 budget. She pointed out, under the heading of Additions listed on page 3 of Exhibit C, are suggested uses of the $26.3 million such as: (1) $15,974,648 for the biennium to increase starting salaries of licensed employees to equal actual average salaries of new hires in Fiscal Year (FY) 1995, plus increase starting salaries of non-licensed from 65 percent to 75 percent of average salary; (2) $5,801,762 for the biennium for inflationary increases; (3) add onetime funding for hardware and software of $4,769,552 in FY 1996. She indicated the basic support per pupil has been increased over the amounts recommended by the Governor by $37.25 for FY 1996 and $34.59 in FY 97. Referring to the columns entitled, Tentative, on page B of Exhibit C, Ms. Botts noted the Basic Support per pupil in FY 1996 is $3,497 and $3,621 for FY 1997. Senator Rhoads asked whether the additional funding for computers of $4,769,552 is in addition to the $29 million the school districts are receiving for "incidentals." Ms. Botts replied, "That is correct." Senator Raggio said it is his understanding the Governor approves of the budget adjustments listed in Exhibit D. John P. Comeaux, Director, Department of Administration, answered, "Yes, Mr. Chairman." Senator Raggio explained a total of $26,545,962 is proposed to be added to the Distributive School Fund over the next biennium and stressed the adjustments listed on page 3 of Exhibit D do not change the per pupil funding formula. SENATOR RAWSON MOVED TO CLOSE THE BUDGET IN ACCORDANCE WITH STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS AS OUTLINED IN EXHIBIT D. SENATOR RHOADS SECONDED THE MOTION. Senator O'Donnell asked: Just for clarification, we are going to accept these figures [Exhibit D] that are handed out this morning, not necessarily what the subcommittee had decided before. Senator Raggio replied: The joint subcommittee has not acted jointly on this or the class size reduction, but the chair has been informed they are in agreement and the Governor's representatives are here today and indicated to the chair that they are in agreement. THE MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. * * * * * Class Size Reduction - Page 177 Ms. Botts distributed two handouts (Exhibit E, 1995 Class-Size Reduction Bill; Exhibit F, Proposed Distribution of 195 CSR [Class-Size Reduction] Positions) to the committee for review. Senator Raggio related the Joint Subcommittee on Human Resources/K-12 was unable to make a recommendation regarding the class-size reduction proposal. The chairman indicated the Governor proposed spending approximately $26 million for class-size reduction in the 3rd grade, however, the Senate's proposal allowed for spending approximately $7 million and restricted the funding to high-risk kindergarten and 3rd grade classrooms. After much discussion, reported the chairman, a compromise was reached with all concerned parties and is outlined in Exhibits E and F. He stated the agreed upon compromise is not only beneficial to the education process, but makes a firm commitment to extending class-size reduction to 3rd grade and responds to concerns expressed by various school districts who maintained that some flexibility is needed to properly meet the concerns of class-size reduction. An interim proposal recommended increasing the pupil-teacher ratio to 17 to 1 in grades 1 and 2 and reducing class-size in grade 3 to 19 to 1, remarked the senator. These recommendations were examined by the various concerned parties, but were rejected due to classroom size concerns and the lack of classroom facilities. Senator Raggio turned the committee's attention to section 3 of Exhibit E and stated funds will be appropriated from the General Fund to the trust fund for class-size reduction. He explained: The intent of that [section 3(1)] is to put it into that trust fund and it will be under the same specific limitations as to its usage that the existing funding for class-size reduction has. It specifies the amount for fiscal 1997 at $7,308,405, and authorizes no fewer than 195 new teachers, which is for the express purpose of reducing the teacher-pupil ratio in 3rd grade. That is the specific intent and the specific authorization. Section 3(2) is a provision indicating it cannot be committed for expenditure after June of 1997. That is the reversionary language and indicates it will be deposited for credit only in the trust fund for class- size reduction and not utilized for other purposes. Section 3(3) indicates the....appropriation must be used to pay the salaries and benefits of teachers employed specifically for this purpose. Section 3(4) authorizes a school district to apply some flexibility to the funding. Under the flexibility, a plan must be filed with the superintendent of public instruction specifically indicating how the funds appropriated will be used to reduce the ratio of pupils to teachers in 3rd grade, or they may after receiving approval from the superintendent of public instruction on that plan, use funds that are appropriated to implement an alternative program to reduce the ratio of pupils to teachers or improve pupil achievement in grades 1 through 3.... the overall ratio must be maintained or the superintendent of public instruction will not and cannot approve the plan. The plan approved by the superintendent must describe the method to be used by the school district to evaluate the effectiveness of the alternative program. The effectiveness must be determined by the superintendent and the superintendent must believe, in approving the plan, the effectiveness of the alternative program is appropriate. That is generally an overview of the language.... Senator Raggio, referring to Exhibit F, noted the document indicates how the 195 new class-size reduction teaching positions will initially be allocated in FY 1997. He related the proposed distribution is based upon the percentage of students in each school district. Senator Raggio stated he understands the proposed distribution of the 195 new CSR teaching positions is acceptable to the Governor. Mr. Comeaux remarked, "That is correct Mr. Chairman." Senator Jacobsen asked whether funding for scholarships offered to students majoring in education was included in the class-size reduction bill and if the bill requires students receiving these scholarships to teach in Nevada for a period of time. Ms. Botts answered the class-size reduction trust fund budget includes $130,680 in scholarship funding for Nevada students majoring in education. She indicated the appropriation funds a total of 90 scholarships which are divided equally between the University of Nevada, Reno, and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Presently, there is no specific requirement attached to the scholarships requiring the recipient to teach in Nevada. Senator Jacobsen commented these scholarships should have a requirement obligating a student to teach in Nevada for a period of time. Continuing, Senator Jacobsen asked for assurance that class-size reduction for grades 1 and 2 has been completed because he has received correspondence from numerous teachers complaining class-size reduction has not been fully implemented in all school districts. Senator Raggio questioned if Senator Jacobsen was speaking about the teacher- student ratio or whether the class-size reduction program is successful. Senator Jacobsen responded he does not want to implement a new program without some assurance the class-size reduction program implemented in 1991 has proved to be beneficial. Senator Raggio stated everyone is concerned about the program's success and cost effectiveness and the Senate has passed Senate Bill (S.B.) 386 which addresses school accountability. The chairman indicated he has suggested that funding be added to S.B. 386 to measure proficiency levels in 2nd grade. Everyone involved in this issue, remarked the chairman, would like more specific data indicating pupil proficiency level improvement. The school district achievement level survey indicated a small level of improvement in grades 1 through 2. SENATE BILL 386: Makes various changes concerning program of accountability of public schools and statewide achievement and proficiency testing of pupils. Senator Raggio stressed the Governor, the educational community, and the Legislature, by accepting this compromise, are committing to extend class-size reduction to the 3rd grade. Continuing, the chairman turned the committee's attention to page 4 of Exhibit D and noted funding has been added to the budget from an increase in estate taxes and the General Fund to continue at-risk kindergarten which was inadvertently left out of the Executive Budget. Ms. Botts related the Budget Division recommended funding the program with a General Fund appropriation for both years of the biennium, however, based upon recent information received regarding estate tax revenues, she recommends funding $856,641 for FY 1996 from the General Fund and $883,341 in FY 1997 from estate tax revenues. She informed the committee the proposed 1995 Class-size Reduction Bill (Exhibit E) incorporates the higher appropriations and authorizations for the estate tax. Senator Rawson commented: When class-size reduction was started in 1991, it was a fundamental change in long-term improvement in schools. We discussed doing that incrementally and it has been difficult for people to see the overall picture of that. It is important to note that 70 percent of our classes in 1st and 2nd grade are taught with a single teacher and 16 students.....They have actually achieved more single teachers in a classroom than most of us thought was possible. It has been complicated I think because of the rapid growth that we have superimposed on this fundamental change we want to make. This proposal today most wisely uses our resources. We don't have the classrooms to be able to go into all out funding on 3rd grade and this very wisely allows us to try to further accommodate and achieve, but it doesn't jam us up so badly that we can never recover from it. There are a couple of spots I think we need to address...The issue of assessment and teacher development I think are critical areas. We wanted some fundamental change and we found a lot of teachers are teaching in the same manner as they did before, only now they just have smaller numbers....We see some bright spots in this where there is tremendous excitement and creativity and impressive things going on in the classrooms, but there has been no general way of being able to translate that to all teachers. I think we have to make a commitment to some teacher development. I would throw out a challenge which is part of the idea of accountability or assessment. There is such a significant effort and difficulty in keeping the resources protected for class-size reduction that I think the pressure is on those people in education. We have to look to the teachers and to the administrators to see that this program is successful. We cannot press that from the legislative level. I predict there will come a time when we will not be able to protect class-size if there isn't improvement in it. So there is a tremendous challenge to see that we have demonstrable improvement....I think that is a big challenge for organized education and I hope they will take that seriously. Our commitment is still there, but I don't think that will be protected forever, if we don't see the improvement. Senator Coffin remarked Senator Rawson has challenged the educators, but he feels the challenge should be redirected to legislators because educators do not have the power to modify the state's tax structure. He said the state has a surplus of funds, however, the funds cannot be invested in an ongoing education budget because there is no guarantee the funds will be available in the coming years, due to the state's present tax structure. He stressed it is unfair, under the current funding structure, to expect educators to turn around societal and parental attitudes towards education. He commented he had hoped there would be enough revenue to fully fund class-size reduction for 3rd grade, but he contended the proposed class-size reduction bill accomplishes a number of goals and he will support its passage. In addition to not fully funding 3rd grade class-size reduction, the Distributive School Account and special education were "short-changed" due to funding restraints, remarked Senator Coffin. He contended the state is mandated by the federal government to provide special education programs which financially burden other education budgets. He suggested the special education program should possibly be administered by an agency other than the State Department of Education. Concluding his remarks, Senator Coffin stated: If we are going to send the challenge to anyone, it really has to be to ourselves for letting this rickety roller coaster type of tax system continue to dominate our budgets....Where one year you have a deficit and the next year you have a surplus. We can't budget that way. Mr. Chairman you are absolutely right in your commitment to being responsible in our budgeting, as the Governor is also meeting his constitutional requirement, but until we make some changes in the statutes we will face this problem every legislative session. Senator Rhoads related he has received numerous letters from teachers asking that the Legislature adequately fund the educational budget because teachers are using their own funds to purchase classroom supplies. He said this accusation concerns him, even though he feels there is no validity to the claim, because the Legislature does adequately fund education. Senator Raggio asserted the joint subcommittee has discussed this issue and he has quizzed every school district superintendent regarding these claims, but has been informed there are adequate funds to furnish the necessary supplies. He said it is commendable that teachers purchase extra supplies for classrooms, but he has been assured the classrooms are provided with the needed materials to function. The chairman suggested that Senator Rhoads send the letters he receives from teachers on this subject to the appropriate school superintendent for a response. He said if this matter continues to be a problem, then the Legislature will "earmark" funding for school supplies. Senator O'Donnell disclosed his wife is a school teacher and he will be voting on the budget. He related he did not support the Governor's original class-size reduction plan, but he supports the compromise plan presented today, because it is a more prudent and realistic approach to funding 3rd grade class-size reduction. Senators Raggio and Mathews disclosed both their daughters are school teachers. SENATOR RAWSON MOVED TO ADOPT THE BUDGET IN ACCORDANCE WITH STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS AS OUTLINED ON PAGES 4-6 IN EXHIBIT D WITH THE CHANGE IN THE PROPOSAL FOR THIRD GRADE CLASS-SIZE TO THE AMOUNT OF $7,308,405, CONDITIONED UPON THE LANGUAGE IN THE BILL AUTHORIZING THE USAGE OF THE FUNDING AND TO INCORPORATE THE ADJUSTMENT OF $856,641 IN FY 1996 FROM THE GENERAL FUND AND $883,341 IN FY 1997 FROM ESTATE TAX FUNDS TO CONTINUE AT-RISK KINDERGARTEN. SENATOR MATHEWS SECONDED THE MOTION. THE MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. * * * * * Senator Raggio stated, if there are any excess funds after the budget has been balanced, then the Governor, the Senate Committee on Finance and the Assembly Committee on Ways and Means will revisit the Distributive School Account budget and the Class-size Reduction budget. School Improvement - Page 181 Ms. Botts explained this budget funds various educational programs. The joint subcommittee recommended that the Apprenticeship Program be transferred from the Occupational Education budget to the School Improvement budget to permanently avoid increasing the state's maintenance of effort for federal funding for occupational education. The recommended closing adjustments listed in the Budget Closing Action Packet (Exhibit G), plus additional Carl Perkin's funding in the first year of the biennium, maintain funding for the Apprenticeship Program at $320,000 per year. In addition, a transfer of approximately $3,000 for each year of the biennium is recommended to cover a 5 percent salary increase for an Education Consultant who helps supervise the Goals 2000 program. The budget also recommends doubling the number of elementary school counselors from 23 to approximately 50. The joint subcommittee did not recommend funding for a contractor to develop, pilot test, and implement a uniform and automated system for school districts to report the school- by-school data mandated by Nevada Revised Statutes 385.345. However, the joint subcommittee did recommend this data collection effort be tied into the proposed Statewide Management of Automated Record Transfer (S.M.A.R.T.) plan. In addition, Ms. Botts said the joint subcommittee recommended a General Fund appropriation of $565,000 each year of the biennium for "seed money" to create Family Resource Centers which are being proposed in Senate Bill (S.B.) 405. SENATE BILL 405: Provides for establishment of family resource centers in certain neighborhoods to provide and administer social services. Ms. Botts noted, since the joint subcommittee's meeting on this issue, it has been discovered the $565,000 yearly appropriation was inadvertently left out of S.B. 405, so the bill will need to be amended to include the $1,130,000. Budget category E253 continues the federally-funded Goals 2000 project. The Executive Budget estimates $670,000 in federal funding will be available in each year of the next biennium to help implement the project and improve professional development. Senator Rawson asked whether this budget would be conducive to placing a class-size reduction assessment plan in it. Ms. Botts replied if the plan is funded, it certainly could be placed in this budget. Senator Rawson said he did not mind closing the budget, however, the committee should be aware $250,000 in funding will need to be set aside for an assessment plan. Ms. Botts suggested the funding for the assessment plan be provided for in a bill. Senator Rawson proposed that the funding be placed in the accountability bill, Senate Bill 386. Continuing, Senator Rawson stated he would like to see more training provided to teachers who team-teach and asked Ms. Botts if this provision should also be placed in legislation. Ms. Botts responded a bill could be drafted which would provide for teacher development and an assessment of class-size reduction and the Budget Division would probably place the two accounts in the School Improvement budget or the Class-size Reduction budget. Referring to the Family Resource Centers, Senator Rawson indicated it was the intention of the joint subcommittee to fund the centers. Senator Raggio asked for more information regarding the use of the S.M.A.R.T. plan in helping with school districts' data collection. Ms. Botts turned the committee's attention to Item 4 on page 2 of Exhibit G, and explained the agency requested funding of $55,283 for FY 1996 and $16,269 for FY 1997 to hire a contractor to develop the capability within the department to assist school districts in producing school accountability reports. The Executive Budget included the funding for the contractor, however, the department has determined the S.M.A.R.T. system could be designed to contain all the elements which are required in the school-by-school accountability reports. She pointed out some school districts are already producing the reports by computer and will not require any assistance. Senator Raggio stated: I would like to send a clear message to the State Department of Education that they utilize every effort within their capability to assist the school districts in developing the school-by-school reporting system. I hope I am not detecting some unwillingness to participate in that, and if there is, I would like to know about it; but I want to send a clear message, that our expectation is that they commit their efforts whether they are defined or not, to aid in every way that goal.... Mary L. Peterson, Superintendent of Public Instruction, State Department of Education, came forward and indicated the department has "heard the message" and has worked closely with the school districts in developing accountability reports. She stressed the department is willing to utilize the S.M.A.R.T. plan for the development of accountability reports, however, the department is concerned that if S.M.A.R.T. is not funded or is not funded at sufficient levels, then the $55,283 request for contract funds will not be available to hire a contractor to assist school districts in developing computer software. Ms. Peterson maintained the department has worked closely with all the school districts in developing the accountability reports. Senator Rawson related he had been under the impression the Clark County School District had a sophisticated reporting system, but after investigating the matter, he discovered the district's software is outmoded and cannot process information regarding year-round or multi-track schools. He indicated the reporting system for every school district should be updated and a proper assessment or study should be conducted to determine how the final reporting system should be designed. Because the educational system has such unique problems, Senator Rawson maintained it would be more appropriate to utilize an outside consultant rather than the Department of Information Services to perform a statewide assessment for the State Department of Education. SENATOR RAWSON MOVED TO CLOSE THE BUDGET IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCES/K-12 AS LISTED ON PAGES 1-2 OF EXHIBIT G SENATOR O'DONNELL SECONDED THE MOTION. THE MOTION IS CARRIED. (SENATOR COFFIN WAS ABSENT FOR THE VOTE.) * * * * * Occupational Education - Page 233 Ms. Botts explained in order to avoid permanently increasing the maintenance-of-effort requirements in the budget, the joint subcommittee recommended moving the Apprenticeship Program to the School Improvement account. In addition, she pointed out the state will change its method of computing maintenance-of-effort in order to meet federal requirements. Senator Raggio asked if the Apprenticeship Program will be impacted by the transfer. Ms. Botts replied $320,000 will still be available to continue the program, but the program will not be funded out of the School Improvement budget. Senator Raggio questioned whether the transfer was agreeable with the Budget Division and the State Department of Education. Mr. Comeaux and Ms. Peterson indicated they support the account transfer. SENATOR RAWSON MOVED TO CLOSE THE BUDGET IN ACCORDANCE WITH STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS AS LISTED ON PAGE 3 OF EXHIBIT G. SENATOR O'DONNELL SECONDED THE MOTION. THE MOTION CARRIED. (SENATOR COFFIN WAS ABSENT FOR THE VOTE.) * * * * * Proficiency Testing - Page 243 Ms. Botts stated $30,000 was included in the Executive Budget in case the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) required payment for data analysis and reporting. However, the State Department of Education has indicated the $30,000 appropriation is no longer required. She pointed out the budget includes an increase in the hourly rate of pay for teachers scoring students' writing samples. Due to budget shortfalls in 1991, the hourly rate of pay was reduced by 20 percent and has not been restored. Budget category E253 provides $3,988 per year for an outside contractor to maintain the scoring program for the High School Proficiency Program. In addition, an Education Consultant working on the Nevada Proficiency Testing Program is being transferred into this budget from the Education State Programs budget. Senator Raggio questioned whether the NAEP program can continue with the reduced funding recommendation. Ms. Botts replied the program has already commenced and indicated this is the first time Nevada has fully participated in the NAEP. SENATOR RAWSON MOVED TO CLOSE THE BUDGET IN ACCORDANCE WITH STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS AS LISTED ON PAGE 4 OF EXHIBIT G. SENATOR MATHEWS SECONDED THE MOTION. THE MOTION CARRIED. (SENATOR COFFIN WAS ABSENT FOR THE VOTE.) * * * * * Teacher Education and Licensing - Page 251 Ms. Botts explained the Governor recommended increasing staff by 3.25 full-time employees to assist with the backlog in the office. Three of the positions were recommended in the Executive Budget to begin on January 1, 1996, however, the joint subcommittee recommended appropriating $48,000 for the first year of the biennium to fund the positions as of July 1, 1995 because licensing volume dramatically increases during July, August and September. Ms. Botts noted fees from educators' licenses, which are currently deposited directly into the General Fund, will now be deposited into this budget account in order to help support the Licensing Program. If Assembly Bill 296, which increases teacher licensing fees, passes, the fees collected in excess of budgeted levels will revert to the General Fund. ASSEMBLY BILL 296: Revises provisions governing fees collected for issuance or renewal of licenses for teachers and other educational personnel. Senator Raggio inquired if the recommendations listed on page 5 of Exhibit G impact the General Fund. Ms. Botts answered there is an increase of $48,000 in the first year, however, if licensing fees are increased, any excess fees will be returned to the General Fund. SENATOR RAWSON MOVED TO CLOSE THE BUDGET IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCES/K12 AS LISTED ON PAGE 5 OF EXHIBIT G. SENATOR MATHEWS SECONDED THE MOTION. THE MOTION CARRIED. (SENATOR COFFIN WAS ABSENT FOR THE VOTE.) * * * * * Senator Raggio requested a motion from the committee to request a bill draft regarding the committee's action related to the 1995 Class-size Reduction proposal. SENATOR RAWSON MOVED TO REQUEST A BILL DRAFT REQUEST FOR THE PURPOSE OF DEFINING THE COMMITTEE'S ACTION ON THE 1995 CLASS-SIZE REDUCTION. SENATOR MATHEWS SECONDED THE MOTION. THE MOTION CARRIED. (SENATOR COFFIN WAS ABSENT FOR THE VOTE.) * * * * * Senator Jacobsen expressed he is not in favor of utilizing outside contractors, since most agencies already have the expertise to handle assessment studies. Senator Mathews remarked she has been impressed with the bipartisan effort in resolving the class-size reduction issue. There being no further business before the committee, Senator Raggio adjourned the hearing at 9:55 a.m. RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED: Pamela Jochim, Committee Secretary APPROVED BY: Senator William J. Raggio, Chairman DATE: Senate Committee on Finance June 2, 1995 Page